{"id":2479,"date":"2024-07-04T20:33:21","date_gmt":"2024-07-04T20:33:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/index.php\/lesson\/module-b-3\/"},"modified":"2024-12-17T21:04:59","modified_gmt":"2024-12-17T21:04:59","slug":"module-b-3","status":"publish","type":"mathima","link":"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/index.php\/lesson\/module-b-3\/","title":{"rendered":"B Modul: Menedzsment"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1><a id=\"topic2-1\"><\/a>4.1. \u00daj Mobilit\u00e1si Szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sok: Megold\u00e1sok \u00e9s \u00fczleti modellek a v\u00e1rosi k\u00f6zleked\u00e9sben<\/h1>\n<table style=\"font-weight: 400;\" data-tablestyle=\"MsoTableGrid\" data-tablelook=\"1184\" aria-rowcount=\"5\">\n<tbody>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"1\">\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Modul<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">B. Menedzsment<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"2\">\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">T\u00e9ma<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4.1 \u00daj Mobilit\u00e1si Szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sok: Megold\u00e1sok \u00e9s \u00fczleti modellek a v\u00e1rosi k\u00f6zleked\u00e9sben<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"3\">\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">C\u00e9l<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A v\u00e1rosi k\u00f6zleked\u00e9s \u00e9s az \u00faj mobilit\u00e1si szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sok (NewMobility Services, NMS) z\u00f6ld \u00e1t\u00e1ll\u00e1s\u00e1nak innovat\u00edv megk\u00f6zel\u00edt\u00e9seinek bemutat\u00e1sa<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A v\u00e1rosi \u00e1rusz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s \u00e9s az utols\u00f3 kilom\u00e9terre t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 kisz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sok NMS-einek megval\u00f3s\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t szolg\u00e1l\u00f3, kialakul\u00f3ban l\u00e9v\u0151 ir\u00e1ny\u00edt\u00e1si rendszerek \u00e9s \u00fczleti modellek elemz\u00e9se<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"4\">\n<td colspan=\"2\" data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A k\u00e9pz\u00e9s eredm\u00e9nyei<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"5\">\n<td colspan=\"2\" data-celllook=\"0\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"2\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Naprak\u00e9sz ismeretek a v\u00e1rosi mobilit\u00e1s \u00e9s k\u00f6zleked\u00e9s jelenlegi \u00fczleti megk\u00f6zel\u00edt\u00e9seir\u0151l<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"2\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Az NMS szerep\u00e9nek \u00e9s potenci\u00e1lj\u00e1nak m\u00e9lyrehat\u00f3 ismerete a k\u00f6rnyezetbar\u00e1t \u00e9s hat\u00e9kony fut\u00e1r-, postai- \u00e9s sz\u00e1ll\u00edtm\u00e1nyoz\u00e1si szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sok ter\u00e9n<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"ead-preview\"><div class=\"ead-document\" style=\"position: relative;\"><iframe src=\"\/\/view.officeapps.live.com\/op\/embed.aspx?src=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.green-courier.eu%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F10%2FCGG_PR3.4_MB4.1_HU.pptx\" title=\"Embedded Document\" class=\"ead-iframe\" style=\"width: 100%;height: 80%;border: none;min-height: 500px;\"><\/iframe><\/div><p class=\"embed_download\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/CGG_PR3.4_MB4.1_HU.pptx\" download >let\u00f6lt\u00e9s [162.00 B] <\/a><\/p><\/div>\n<h2><a id=\"topic2-11\"><\/a>Ellen\u0151rizze tud\u00e1s\u00e1t<\/h2>\n            <div class='ays-quiz-container ays_quiz_classic_light  ' data-quest-effect='shake'  data-hide-bg-image='false' id='ays-quiz-container-21'>                                                <div class='ays-questions-container'>                                                            <form action='' method='post' id='ays_finish_quiz_21'                         class='ays-quiz-form enable_correction enable_questions_result '                    >            <input type='hidden' value='list' class='answer_view_class'>            <input type='hidden' value='' class='ays_qm_enable_arrows'>                                    <div class='step active-step'>                <div class='ays-abs-fs ays-start-page'>                                                            <p class='ays-fs-title'>Kv\u00edz: B modul - 1. t\u00e9ma<\/p>                    <div class='ays-fs-subtitle'><\/div>                    <input type='hidden' name='ays_quiz_id' value='21'\/>                    <input type='hidden' name='ays_quiz_curent_page_link' class='ays-quiz-curent-page-link' value='https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/mathima\/2479'\/>                    <input type='hidden' name='ays_quiz_questions' value='131,132,133'>                                                            <input type='button'   class='ays_next start_button action-button' value='Start' data-enable-leave-page=\"false\" \/>                                        <\/div>                <\/div><div class='step ' data-question-id='131' data-type='radio'>                                                            <p class='ays-question-counter animated'>1 \/ 3<\/p>                    <div class='ays-abs-fs'>                                                <div class='ays_quiz_question'>                                <p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Igaz vagy hamis?<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Az \u00faj mobilit\u00e1si szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sok olyan \u00faj t\u00edpus\u00fa szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sok \u00e9s j\u00e1rm\u0171vek, amelyek digit\u00e1lis technol\u00f3gi\u00e1n alapulnak.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>                            <\/div>                                                    <div class='ays-quiz-answers ays_list_view_container  '>            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item' >                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>                <input type='radio' name='ays_questions[ays-question-131]' id='ays-answer-431-21' value='431'\/>                <label for='ays-answer-431-21' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class' >Igaz<\/label>            <\/div>            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item' >                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>                <input type='radio' name='ays_questions[ays-question-131]' id='ays-answer-432-21' value='432'\/>                <label for='ays-answer-432-21' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class' >hamis<\/label>            <\/div><script>            if(typeof window.quizOptions_21 === 'undefined'){                window.quizOptions_21 = [];            }            window.quizOptions_21['131'] = 'eyJxdWVzdGlvbl9hbnN3ZXIiOnsiNDMxIjoiMSIsIjQzMiI6IjAifX0=';<\/script><\/div>                                                                                                <div class='ays_buttons_div'>                                                <i class=\"ays_fa ays_fa_arrow_left ays_previous action-button ays_arrow ays_display_none\"><\/i>                        <input type='button' class='ays_previous action-button ' value='Prev' \/>                                                <i class=\"ays_fa ays_fa_arrow_right ays_next action-button ays_arrow ays_next_arrow ays_display_none\"><\/i>                        <input type='button' class='ays_next action-button ' value='Next' \/>                    <\/div>                                                <div class='wrong_answer_text ' style='display:none'>                            <p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW34597591 BCX0\" lang=\"HU-HU\" xml:lang=\"HU-HU\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW34597591 BCX0\">Ha a v\u00e1lasz [Hamis], <a href=\"https:\/\/view.officeapps.live.com\/op\/view.aspx?src=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Egreen-courier%2Eeu%3A80%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F10%2FCGG_PR3%2E4_MB4%2E1_HU%2Epptx&amp;wdSlideId=308&amp;wdModeSwitchTime=1727967049036\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">akkor menjen az 5<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>                        <\/div>                        <div class='right_answer_text ays_do_not_show' style='display:none'>                                                    <\/div>                        <div class='ays_questtion_explanation' style='display:none'>                                                    <\/div>                                                                    <\/div>                <\/div><div class='step ' data-question-id='132' data-type='radio'>                                                            <p class='ays-question-counter animated'>2 \/ 3<\/p>                    <div class='ays-abs-fs'>                                                <div class='ays_quiz_question'>                                <p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Igaz vagy hamis?<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Az \u00faj mobilit\u00e1si szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sok k\u00e9ts\u00e9gtelen\u00fcl pozit\u00edvan j\u00e1rulnak hozz\u00e1 a k\u00f6rnyezethez.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>                            <\/div>                                                    <div class='ays-quiz-answers ays_list_view_container  '>            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item' >                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>                <input type='radio' name='ays_questions[ays-question-132]' id='ays-answer-433-21' value='433'\/>                <label for='ays-answer-433-21' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class' >Igaz<\/label>            <\/div>            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item' >                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>                <input type='radio' name='ays_questions[ays-question-132]' id='ays-answer-434-21' value='434'\/>                <label for='ays-answer-434-21' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class' >hamis<\/label>            <\/div><script>            if(typeof window.quizOptions_21 === 'undefined'){                window.quizOptions_21 = [];            }            window.quizOptions_21['132'] = 'eyJxdWVzdGlvbl9hbnN3ZXIiOnsiNDMzIjoiMCIsIjQzNCI6IjEifX0=';<\/script><\/div>                                                                                                <div class='ays_buttons_div'>                                                <i class=\"ays_fa ays_fa_arrow_left ays_previous action-button ays_arrow ays_display_none\"><\/i>                        <input type='button' class='ays_previous action-button ' value='Prev' \/>                                                <i class=\"ays_fa ays_fa_arrow_right ays_next action-button ays_arrow ays_next_arrow ays_display_none\"><\/i>                        <input type='button' class='ays_next action-button ' value='Next' \/>                    <\/div>                                                <div class='wrong_answer_text ' style='display:none'>                            <p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW232381921 BCX0\" lang=\"HU-HU\" xml:lang=\"HU-HU\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW232381921 BCX0\">Ha a v\u00e1lasz [Igaz], <a href=\"https:\/\/view.officeapps.live.com\/op\/view.aspx?src=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Egreen-courier%2Eeu%3A80%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F10%2FCGG_PR3%2E4_MB4%2E1_HU%2Epptx&amp;wdSlideId=310&amp;wdModeSwitchTime=1727967113808\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">akkor l\u00e9pjen a 10<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>                        <\/div>                        <div class='right_answer_text ays_do_not_show' style='display:none'>                                                    <\/div>                        <div class='ays_questtion_explanation' style='display:none'>                                                    <\/div>                                                                    <\/div>                <\/div><div class='step ' data-question-id='133' data-type='radio'>                                                            <p class='ays-question-counter animated'>3 \/ 3<\/p>                    <div class='ays-abs-fs'>                                                <div class='ays_quiz_question'>                                <p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Igaz vagy hamis?<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Az \u00faj mobilit\u00e1si szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sok megval\u00f3s\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1val kapcsolatos kih\u00edv\u00e1sok mind az \u00e1llami, mind a mag\u00e1nszektor \u00e9rdekelt feleit \u00e9rintik.<\/span><\/p>                            <\/div>                                                    <div class='ays-quiz-answers ays_list_view_container  '>            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item' >                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>                <input type='radio' name='ays_questions[ays-question-133]' id='ays-answer-435-21' value='435'\/>                <label for='ays-answer-435-21' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class' >Igaz<\/label>            <\/div>            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item' >                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>                <input type='radio' name='ays_questions[ays-question-133]' id='ays-answer-436-21' value='436'\/>                <label for='ays-answer-436-21' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class' >hamis<\/label>            <\/div><script>            if(typeof window.quizOptions_21 === 'undefined'){                window.quizOptions_21 = [];            }            window.quizOptions_21['133'] = 'eyJxdWVzdGlvbl9hbnN3ZXIiOnsiNDM1IjoiMSIsIjQzNiI6IjAifX0=';<\/script><\/div>                                                                                                <div class='ays_buttons_div'>                                                        <i class=\"ays_fa ays_fa_arrow_left ays_previous action-button ays_arrow ays_display_none\"><\/i>                            <input type='button' class='ays_previous action-button '  value='Prev' \/>                            <i class='ays_display_none ays_fa ays_fa_flag_checkered ays_finish action-button ays_arrow ays_next_arrow'><\/i><input type='submit' name='ays_finish_quiz' class='  ays_next ays_finish action-button' value='See Result'\/>                        <\/div>                                                <div class='wrong_answer_text ' style='display:none'>                            <p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW35152396 BCX0\" lang=\"HU-HU\" xml:lang=\"HU-HU\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW35152396 BCX0\">Ha a v\u00e1lasz [Hamis], <a href=\"https:\/\/view.officeapps.live.com\/op\/view.aspx?src=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Egreen-courier%2Eeu%3A80%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F10%2FCGG_PR3%2E4_MB4%2E1_HU%2Epptx&amp;wdSlideId=316&amp;wdModeSwitchTime=1727967179681\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">akkor l\u00e9pjen a 13.<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>                        <\/div>                        <div class='right_answer_text ays_do_not_show' style='display:none'>                                                    <\/div>                        <div class='ays_questtion_explanation' style='display:none'>                                                    <\/div>                                                                    <\/div>                <\/div><div class='step ays_thank_you_fs'>            <div class='ays-abs-fs ays-end-page'><div data-class='lds-ellipsis' data-role='loader' class='ays-loader'><div><\/div><div><\/div><div><\/div><div><\/div><\/div><div class='ays_quiz_results_page'><div class='ays_score_message'><\/div><div class='ays_message'><\/div><p class='ays_score ays_score_display_none animated'>Your score is<\/p><p class='ays_average'>The average score is 66%<\/p><div class='ays-progress third'>                <span class='ays-progress-value third'>0%<\/span>                <div class='ays-progress-bg third'>                    <div class='ays-progress-bar third' style='width:0%;'><\/div>                <\/div>            <\/div><p class='ays_restart_button_p'><button type='button' class='action-button ays_restart_button'>                    <i class='ays_fa ays_fa_undo'><\/i>                    <span>Restart quiz<\/span>                <\/button><\/p><\/div>            <\/div>        <\/div><style>            div#ays-quiz-container-21 * {                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#ays-quiz-container-21 div.ays-quiz-results-toggle-block input:checked + label.ays_switch_toggle:after{                background: #000000;            }            #ays-quiz-container-21.ays_quiz_elegant_dark div.ays-quiz-results-toggle-block input:checked + label.ays_switch_toggle:after,            #ays-quiz-container-21.ays_quiz_rect_dark div.ays-quiz-results-toggle-block input:checked + label.ays_switch_toggle:after{                background: #000;            }            \/* Hestia theme (Version: 3.0.16) | Start *\/            #ays-quiz-container-21 .mejs-container .mejs-inner .mejs-controls .mejs-button > button:hover,            #ays-quiz-container-21 .mejs-container .mejs-inner .mejs-controls .mejs-button > button {                box-shadow: unset;                background-color: transparent;            }            #ays-quiz-container-21 .mejs-container .mejs-inner .mejs-controls .mejs-button > button {                margin: 10px 6px;            }            \/* Hestia 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Result","quiz_custom_texts_restart_quiz_button":"Restart quiz","quiz_custom_texts_send_feedback_button":"Send feedback","quiz_custom_texts_load_more_button":"Load more","quiz_custom_texts_exit_button":"Exit","quiz_custom_texts_check_button":"Check","quiz_custom_texts_login_button":"Log In","quiz_enable_quiz_category_description":"off","quiz_admin_note_text_transform":"none","quiz_quest_explanation_text_transform":"none","quiz_right_answer_text_transform":"none","quiz_wrong_answer_text_transform":"none","quiz_admin_note_text_decoration":"none","quiz_quest_explanation_text_decoration":"none","quiz_right_answers_text_decoration":"none","quiz_wrong_answers_text_decoration":"none","quiz_admin_note_letter_spacing":"0","quiz_bg_img_during_the_quiz":"off","quiz_quest_explanation_letter_spacing":"0","quiz_right_answers_letter_spacing":"0","quiz_wrong_answers_letter_spacing":"0","quiz_admin_note_font_weight":"normal","quiz_quest_explanation_font_weight":"normal","quiz_right_answers_font_weight":"normal","quiz_wrong_answers_font_weight":"normal","required_fields":null,"enable_timer":"off","enable_quiz_rate":"off","enable_rate_avg":"off","enable_box_shadow":"on","enable_border":"off","quiz_timer_in_title":"off","enable_rate_comments":"off","enable_restart_button":"on","autofill_user_data":"off","timer":100,"submit_redirect_after":"","rw_answers_sounds":false,"id":"21","title":"Kv\u00edz: B modul - 1. t\u00e9ma","description":"","quiz_image":"","quiz_category_id":"1","question_ids":"131,132,133","ordering":"21","quiz_url":"","published":"1","intervals":null,"quiz_animation_top":100,"quiz_enable_animation_top":"on"}';        <\/script>                    <input type='hidden' name='quiz_id' value='21'\/>                    <input type='hidden' name='start_date' class='ays-start-date'\/>                <\/form><\/div>                            <\/div>                            \n<h1><a id=\"topic2-42\"><\/a>4.2. J\u00f3 p\u00e9ld\u00e1n alapul\u00f3 tanul\u00e1s #1. A j\u00f3 gyakorlatok megoszt\u00e1sa<\/h1>\n<table style=\"font-weight: 400;\" data-tablestyle=\"MsoTableGrid\" data-tablelook=\"1184\" aria-rowcount=\"5\">\n<tbody>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"1\">\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Modul<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">B. Menedzsment<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"2\">\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">T\u00e9ma<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4.2 J\u00f3 p\u00e9ld\u00e1n alapul\u00f3 tanul\u00e1s #1. A j\u00f3 gyakorlatok megoszt\u00e1sa<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"3\">\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">C\u00e9l<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A 4.1. pont tartalma alapj\u00e1n p\u00e9ld\u00e1k bemutat\u00e1sa az NMS-alap\u00fa \u00fczleti modellek megval\u00f3s\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1b\u00f3l a v\u00e1rosi \u00e1rufuvaroz\u00e1sban \u00e9s a v\u00e1rosi logisztik\u00e1ban, valamint a v\u00e1rosi \u00e1ru- \u00e9s szem\u00e9lysz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s integr\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1b\u00f3l<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A p\u00e9ld\u00e1k hat\u00e9konys\u00e1g\u00e1nak \u00e9s alkalmazhat\u00f3s\u00e1g\u00e1nak megvitat\u00e1sa<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"4\">\n<td colspan=\"2\" data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A k\u00e9pz\u00e9s eredm\u00e9nyei<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"5\">\n<td colspan=\"2\" data-celllook=\"0\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A fut\u00e1r-, postai- \u00e9s sz\u00e1ll\u00edtm\u00e1nyoz\u00e1si szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sok NMS fejleszt\u00e9s\u00e9nek jelenlegi gyakorlat\u00e1nak \u00e9s projektjeinek kritikus elemz\u00e9se\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"ead-preview\"><div class=\"ead-document\" style=\"position: relative;\"><iframe src=\"\/\/view.officeapps.live.com\/op\/embed.aspx?src=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.green-courier.eu%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F10%2FCGG_presentation_4.2_HU.pptx\" title=\"Embedded Document\" class=\"ead-iframe\" style=\"width: 100%;height: 80%;border: none;min-height: 500px;\"><\/iframe><\/div><p class=\"embed_download\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/CGG_presentation_4.2_HU.pptx\" download >let\u00f6lt\u00e9s [162.00 B] <\/a><\/p><\/div>\n<h2><a id=\"topic2-421\"><\/a>4.2.1. Bevezet\u00e9s<\/h2>\n<p>A fejl\u0151d\u0151 orsz\u00e1gokban a v\u00e1rosi \u00e1rusz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s nagym\u00e9rt\u00e9kben a k\u00f6z\u00fati j\u00e1rm\u0171vekre hagyatkozik, ami gyakori forgalmi dug\u00f3khoz, nem megfelel\u0151 parkol\u00e1si lehet\u0151s\u00e9ghez, valamint nem megfelel\u0151 be- \u00e9s kirakod\u00f3helyekhez vezet, ami mind akad\u00e1lyozza a hat\u00e9konys\u00e1got. A vil\u00e1gszerte fenntarthat\u00f3 strat\u00e9giak\u00e9nt t\u00e1mogatott, k\u00f6rnyezetbar\u00e1t m\u00f3dokon t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 v\u00e1rosi \u00e1rusz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s jelent\u0151s lehet\u0151s\u00e9geket rejt mag\u00e1ban a jelenlegi \u00e1rusz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1si gyakorlatb\u00f3l ered\u0151 dug\u00f3k \u00e9s k\u00f6rnyezetszennyez\u00e9s enyh\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9re (Singh &amp; Gupta, 2020).<\/p>\n<p>A Transport Decarbonization Alliance 15 k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 kih\u00edv\u00e1st v\u00e1zol fel a z\u00e9r\u00f3 kibocs\u00e1t\u00e1s\u00fa v\u00e1rosi \u00e1rusz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s megval\u00f3s\u00edt\u00e1sa \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben, \u00e9s mindegyik kih\u00edv\u00e1s megold\u00e1s\u00e1ra k\u00e9t vagy t\u00f6bb javaslatot tesz. M\u00edg n\u00e9h\u00e1ny megold\u00e1s a technol\u00f3giai fejleszt\u00e9sekre \u00f6sszpontos\u00edt, mint p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul az akkumul\u00e1toros elektromos j\u00e1rm\u0171vek beszerz\u00e9se, haszn\u00e1lata \u00e9s felt\u00f6lt\u00e9se, a t\u00f6bbs\u00e9g a szerkezeti akad\u00e1lyok \u00e9s a magatart\u00e1si gyakorlatok orvosl\u00e1s\u00e1ra ir\u00e1nyul. Hasonl\u00f3k\u00e9ppen Maxner, Dalla Chiara \u00e9s Goodchild (2022) a v\u00e1rosi \u00e1rusz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sra vonatkoz\u00f3 k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 dekarboniz\u00e1ci\u00f3s strat\u00e9gi\u00e1kat h\u00e1rom csoportba sorolja:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-roman;\">\n<li>j\u00e1rm\u0171technol\u00f3gia<\/li>\n<li>\u00fczemeltet\u00e9si strat\u00e9gi\u00e1k \u00e9s<\/li>\n<li>v\u00e1rosi korm\u00e1nyzati beavatkoz\u00e1sok<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>A Vil\u00e1ggazdas\u00e1gi F\u00f3rum emellett \u00e1tfog\u00f3 \u00e1ttekint\u00e9st ny\u00fajt 24 kiemelt beavatkoz\u00e1sr\u00f3l, amelyek c\u00e9lja az utols\u00f3 kilom\u00e9teres sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1si \u00f6kosziszt\u00e9ma \u00e1talak\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1nak megk\u00f6nny\u00edt\u00e9se. Ezek a beavatkoz\u00e1sok olyan szempontokat foglalnak magukban, mint a j\u00e1rm\u0171vek \u00e1talak\u00edt\u00e1sa, a biztons\u00e1gos sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1si m\u00f3dszerek, az \u00fcgyfelek mozgat\u00e1sa, a konszolid\u00e1ci\u00f3s er\u0151fesz\u00edt\u00e9sek, az utols\u00f3 szakasz kiigaz\u00edt\u00e1sa \u00e9s a sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1si k\u00f6rnyezet jav\u00edt\u00e1sa. Ezek a kiadv\u00e1nyok egy\u00fcttesen bemutatj\u00e1k a v\u00e1rosi \u00e1rusz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sban a fenntarthat\u00f3s\u00e1gi \u00e1tmenetet el\u0151seg\u00edt\u0151 megk\u00f6zel\u00edt\u00e9sek soksz\u00edn\u0171s\u00e9g\u00e9t, \u00e9s sz\u00e1mos p\u00e9ld\u00e1t szolg\u00e1ltatnak mind a technol\u00f3giai \u00faj\u00edt\u00e1sokra, mind a viselked\u00e9sbeli v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sokra (Ystmark Bjerkan &amp; Babri, 2024).<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3714\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3714\" style=\"width: 1476px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3714 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Picture1.png\" alt=\"A technol\u00f3giai \u00e9s viselked\u00e9sbeli v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sok el\u0151seg\u00edtik a v\u00e1rosi \u00e1rusz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s fenntarthat\u00f3 v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sait (Ystmark Bjerkan &amp; Babri, 2024).\" width=\"1476\" height=\"578\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Picture1.png 1476w, https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Picture1-300x117.png 300w, https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Picture1-1024x401.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Picture1-768x301.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1476px) 100vw, 1476px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3714\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">1. \u00e1bra: A technol\u00f3giai \u00e9s viselked\u00e9sbeli v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sok el\u0151seg\u00edtik a v\u00e1rosi \u00e1rusz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s fenntarthat\u00f3 v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sait (Ystmark Bjerkan &amp; Babri, 2024).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>A technol\u00f3giai v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sok els\u0151sorban azt jelentik, hogy az egyik technol\u00f3gi\u00e1t egy m\u00e1sikra cser\u00e9lik. A v\u00e1rosi \u00e1rusz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s ter\u00fclet\u00e9n ez azt jelentheti, hogy a fosszilis \u00fczemanyaggal m\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151 furgonokat \u00e9s teheraut\u00f3kat elektromos j\u00e1rm\u0171vekkel, alternat\u00edv \u00fczemanyaggal m\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151 j\u00e1rm\u0171vekkel, Euro6-os j\u00e1rm\u0171vekkel vagy cargobiciklikkel helyettes\u00edtik. A kor\u00e1bbi kutat\u00e1sok sz\u00e9les k\u00f6rben vizsg\u00e1lt\u00e1k a v\u00e1rosi \u00e1rusz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s \u00faj technol\u00f3gi\u00e1it \u00e9s j\u00e1rm\u0171veit. Az elektromos ker\u00e9kp\u00e1rokat a j\u00e1rm\u0171vek helyettes\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9re javasolt\u00e1k, amennyiben a sebess\u00e9g- \u00e9s kapacit\u00e1skorl\u00e1toz\u00e1sok szempontj\u00e1b\u00f3l megval\u00f3s\u00edthat\u00f3 (Bosona, 2020). B\u00e1r a dr\u00f3nok \u00e1rusz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sra val\u00f3 felhaszn\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1t els\u0151sorban vid\u00e9ki ter\u00fcleteken vizsg\u00e1lt\u00e1k, a dr\u00f3nalap\u00fa sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sban, v\u00e1rosi k\u00f6rnyezetben is van potenci\u00e1l.<\/p>\n<p>Az oper\u00e1ci\u00f3menedzsment, az ell\u00e1t\u00e1si l\u00e1ncok menedzsmentje \u00e9s az ipari m\u00e9rn\u00f6ki tudom\u00e1nyok kutat\u00e1sai els\u0151sorban az operat\u00edv gyakorlatok optimaliz\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1nak m\u00f3dszereit vizsg\u00e1lt\u00e1k. Ezek a m\u00f3dszerek k\u00f6z\u00e9 tartozik a terhel\u00e9si t\u00e9nyez\u0151 maximaliz\u00e1l\u00e1sa, az \u00fatvonalak optimaliz\u00e1l\u00e1sa \u00e9s a t\u00e9telek m\u00e9ret\u00e9nek be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sa (Pan et al., 2021). Emellett tanulm\u00e1nyok kimutatt\u00e1k, hogy az munkaid\u0151n k\u00edv\u00fcli sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s hat\u00e9konyan cs\u00f6kkentheti a v\u00e1rosi \u00e1rusz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sb\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 kibocs\u00e1t\u00e1st (Holgu\u00edn-Veras et al., 2018).<\/p>\n<h2><a id=\"topic4-422\"><\/a>4.2.2. K\u00f6nny\u0171 elektromos teherg\u00e9pj\u00e1rm\u0171vek (LEFV) haszn\u00e1lata (D\u00edaz-Ram\u00edrez et al., 2023)<\/h2>\n<p>A k\u00f6nny\u0171 elektromos teherg\u00e9pj\u00e1rm\u0171vek (LEFV-k) integr\u00e1l\u00e1sa alapvet\u0151 l\u00e9p\u00e9st jelent a fenntarthat\u00f3bb v\u00e1rosi eloszt\u00f3h\u00e1l\u00f3zat megval\u00f3s\u00edt\u00e1sa fel\u00e9, ugyanakkor sz\u00e1mos megoldatlan kih\u00edv\u00e1ssal szembes\u00fcl. Ezek a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151k:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-roman;\">\n<li>A j\u00e1rm\u0171technol\u00f3gi\u00e1k (p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul az \u00fczemanyag \u00e9s az elektromos \u00e1ram) optim\u00e1lis kombin\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1nak meghat\u00e1roz\u00e1sa a jelenlegi \u00e9s a j\u00f6v\u0151beli v\u00e1rosi mobilit\u00e1si infrastrukt\u00far\u00e1hoz (bele\u00e9rtve a k\u00f6zleked\u00e9si s\u00e1vokat, a t\u00f6lt\u0151\u00e1llom\u00e1sokat \u00e9s az elektromos \u00e1ram el\u00e9rhet\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9t) val\u00f3 igazod\u00e1s \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben.<\/li>\n<li>A v\u00e1rosi eloszt\u00f3k\u00f6zpontok strat\u00e9giai helysz\u00edneinek kialak\u00edt\u00e1sa a kijel\u00f6lt t\u00e9rs\u00e9gen bel\u00fcli m\u0171veletek hat\u00e9kony t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben.<\/li>\n<li>Az LEFV-k teljes\u00edtm\u00e9ny\u00e9nek jav\u00edt\u00e1sa az \u00fczemeltet\u00e9si k\u00f6lts\u00e9gek cs\u00f6kkent\u00e9se, valamint a szennyez\u0151anyagok kibocs\u00e1t\u00e1s\u00e1nak, a forgalmi dug\u00f3knak \u00e9s a zajszintnek a v\u00e1rosi ter\u00fcleteken val\u00f3 m\u00e9rs\u00e9kl\u00e9se \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben.<\/li>\n<li>Hat\u00e9kony kommunik\u00e1ci\u00f3s strat\u00e9gi\u00e1k kidolgoz\u00e1sa a kor\u00e1bbi megval\u00f3s\u00edt\u00e1si tapasztalatok alapj\u00e1n.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Az elektromos seg\u00e9dmotoros \u00e1rusz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00f3 ker\u00e9kp\u00e1rok \u00e9s triciklik, a tov\u00e1bbiakban k\u00f6nny\u0171 elektromos \u00e1rusz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00f3 j\u00e1rm\u0171vek (LEFV-k), v\u00e1rhat\u00f3an kiv\u00e1l\u00f3 teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nyt fognak ny\u00fajtani az utols\u00f3 kilom\u00e9teres eloszt\u00e1sban. Ezt bizony\u00edtja a r\u00f6videbb parkol\u00e1si id\u0151 \u00e9s k\u00f6lts\u00e9gek, az alacsonyabb \u00fczemeltet\u00e9si k\u00f6lts\u00e9gek, a nagyobb sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1si megb\u00edzhat\u00f3s\u00e1g, a kevesebb s\u00falyos \u00fctk\u00f6z\u00e9s \u00e9s a cs\u00f6kkentett szennyez\u0151anyag kibocs\u00e1t\u00e1s. Haszn\u00e1latuk azonban bizonyos korl\u00e1tokkal is j\u00e1r, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen a sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1si z\u00f3na m\u00e9rete, az \u00fatvonal hossza, a kereslet nagys\u00e1ga, a f\u00f6ldrajzi kih\u00edv\u00e1sok \u00e9s a szab\u00e1lyoz\u00e1si korl\u00e1tok tekintet\u00e9ben. Az eur\u00f3pai p\u00e9ld\u00e1val \u00f6sszhangban a latin-amerikai korm\u00e1nyok is forr\u00e1sokat k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00edtenek el a ker\u00e9kp\u00e1rbar\u00e1t v\u00e1rosi infrastrukt\u00fara fejleszt\u00e9s\u00e9re, bele\u00e9rtve a ker\u00e9kp\u00e1rutak b\u0151v\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9t. Ez a beruh\u00e1z\u00e1s a k\u00f6rnyezetbar\u00e1t k\u00f6zleked\u00e9si m\u00f3dszerek el\u0151mozd\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t c\u00e9lozza, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen a s\u0171r\u0171n lakott ter\u00fcleteken.<\/p>\n<p>Az elektromos j\u00e1rm\u0171vek el\u0151nyeinek maximaliz\u00e1l\u00e1sa a logisztik\u00e1ban a k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 kontextusok \u00e1rnyalatainak felismer\u00e9s\u00e9n m\u00falik (EUFAL, 2022). Ebb\u0151l ad\u00f3d\u00f3an 2020-ban elindult az eur\u00f3pai elektromos v\u00e1rosi \u00e1rusz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s \u00e9s logisztika (EUFAL) kezdem\u00e9nyez\u00e9s. A kezdem\u00e9nyez\u00e9s tud\u00e1smegoszt\u00e1si platformk\u00e9nt szolg\u00e1l, \u00e9s a folyamat k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 f\u00e1zisaira szabott \u00e9rt\u00e9kes eszk\u00f6z\u00f6kkel l\u00e1tja el az elektromos j\u00e1rm\u0171veket flott\u00e1jukba integr\u00e1lni k\u00edv\u00e1n\u00f3 v\u00e1llalatokat (D\u00edaz-Ram\u00edrez et al., 2023).<\/p>\n<p>A k\u00f6nny\u0171 elektromos \u00e1rusz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00f3 j\u00e1rm\u0171veket (LEFV) egyre ink\u00e1bb fenntarthat\u00f3 sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1si megold\u00e1snak tekintik, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen a v\u00e1rosi ter\u00fcleteken szigorod\u00f3 kibocs\u00e1t\u00e1si el\u0151\u00edr\u00e1sokra reag\u00e1lva, biztos\u00edtva a folyamatos hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9st. Ezt a jelent\u0151s\u00e9get hangs\u00falyozza a z\u00e9r\u00f3 k\u00e1rosanyag-kibocs\u00e1t\u00e1s\u00fa z\u00f3n\u00e1k 2030-ra tervezett bevezet\u00e9se egyes eur\u00f3pai v\u00e1rosokban, valamint a holland v\u00e1rosi k\u00f6zpontokban 2025-re v\u00e1rt konkr\u00e9tabb l\u00e9p\u00e9sek. Emellett a s\u0171r\u0171n lakott \u00e9s nehezen megk\u00f6zel\u00edthet\u0151 belv\u00e1rosi \u00e9s k\u00f6rny\u00e9kbeli ter\u00fcleteken a kisebb j\u00e1rm\u0171vek el\u0151ny\u00f6ket jelentenek a k\u00f6nnyebb \u00e9s gyorsabb hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9s szempontj\u00e1b\u00f3l. Tov\u00e1bb\u00e1, ha az \u00e1tfut\u00e1si id\u0151k minimaliz\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1ra \u00e9s a j\u00e1rm\u0171vek kihaszn\u00e1lts\u00e1gi t\u00e9nyez\u0151inek optimaliz\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1ra ir\u00e1nyul\u00f3 er\u0151fesz\u00edt\u00e9sekkel p\u00e1rosulnak, az \u00fczemeltet\u00e9si \u00e9s gazdas\u00e1gi megfontol\u00e1sok is szerepet j\u00e1tszanak. E gyakorlati szempontokon t\u00falmen\u0151en a LEFV-k ir\u00e1nti n\u00f6vekv\u0151 kereskedelmi \u00e9rdekl\u0151d\u00e9shez \u201epuh\u00e1bb\u201d t\u00e9nyez\u0151k is hozz\u00e1j\u00e1rulnak, t\u00f6bbek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt a v\u00e1llalati t\u00e1rsadalmi felel\u0151ss\u00e9gv\u00e1llal\u00e1s ir\u00e1nti elk\u00f6telezetts\u00e9g, valamint a v\u00e1llalati differenci\u00e1l\u00f3d\u00e1s \u00e9s specializ\u00e1ci\u00f3 lehet\u0151s\u00e9gei (Kin et al., 2024).<\/p>\n<p>A k\u00f6nny\u0171 elektromos tehersz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00f3 j\u00e1rm\u0171vek (LEFV) sz\u00e1mos sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1si lehet\u0151s\u00e9get foglalnak magukban, bele\u00e9rtve a ker\u00e9kp\u00e1rokat, mopedeket vagy elektromos t\u00e1maszt\u00f3- vagy meghajt\u00f3mechanizmussal felszerelt kompakt j\u00e1rm\u0171veket, amelyeket korl\u00e1tozott sebess\u00e9g\u0171 \u00e1ru- \u00e9s szem\u00e9lysz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sra terveztek. \u00c1ltal\u00e1ban a LEFV-ket csendes m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s, rugalmas haszn\u00e1lat, kibocs\u00e1t\u00e1smentess\u00e9g \u00e9s a hagyom\u00e1nyos sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00f3j\u00e1rm\u0171vekhez k\u00e9pest kisebb ter\u00fcleti l\u00e1bnyom jellemzik.<\/p>\n<p>A LEFV-k piac\u00e1nak kialakul\u00e1sa p\u00e1rhuzamos az elektromos kisbuszok (BEV-N1) piac\u00e1nak kialakul\u00e1s\u00e1val. A LEFV-k a j\u00e1rm\u0171vek sokf\u00e9le, els\u0151sorban kis gy\u00e1rt\u00f3k \u00e1ltal gy\u00e1rtott v\u00e1ltozatos fajt\u00e1j\u00e1t foglalj\u00e1k magukban. E fejl\u0151d\u00e9s ellen\u00e9re a logisztikai szakemberek tov\u00e1bbra is bizonytalanok a LEFV-k bevezet\u00e9s\u00e9t illet\u0151en. A LEFV-ket h\u00e1rom k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 csoportba sorolj\u00e1k:<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3715\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3715\" style=\"width: 1155px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3715 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Picture2.png\" alt=\"Az LEFV-k h\u00e1rom oszt\u00e1lya\" width=\"1155\" height=\"525\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Picture2.png 1155w, https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Picture2-300x136.png 300w, https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Picture2-1024x465.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Picture2-768x349.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1155px) 100vw, 1155px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3715\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">2. \u00e1bra. Az LEFV-k h\u00e1rom oszt\u00e1lya<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>A LEFV-k elfogad\u00e1s\u00e1nak magyar\u00e1zata a t\u00e9nyez\u0151k \u00f6sszetett k\u00f6lcs\u00f6nhat\u00e1s\u00e1nak figyelembev\u00e9tel\u00e9t ig\u00e9nyli. Narayanan &amp; Antoniou (2022) \u00e1tfog\u00f3 keretrendszert javasol, amely hat olyan elemet tartalmaz, amelyek befoly\u00e1solj\u00e1k a cargobiciklik elterjed\u00e9s\u00e9t:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00dczemeltet\u00e9s: Ez olyan t\u00e9nyez\u0151ket foglal mag\u00e1ban, mint a sz\u00e1ll\u00edtott \u00e1ruk t\u00edpusa, a sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s s\u0171r\u0171s\u00e9ge \u00e9s a kiszolg\u00e1lt ter\u00fclet.<\/li>\n<li>J\u00e1rm\u0171vek: Mag\u00e1val a j\u00e1rm\u0171vel kapcsolatos t\u00e9nyez\u0151k, bele\u00e9rtve az olyan jellemz\u0151ket, mint az id\u0151j\u00e1r\u00e1s elleni v\u00e9delem, az \u00e1rk\u00e9pz\u00e9s \u00e9s a sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1si tartom\u00e1ny.<\/li>\n<li>Infrastrukt\u00fara: Ez olyan szempontokat foglal mag\u00e1ban, mint a ker\u00e9kp\u00e1ros infrastrukt\u00fara \u00e1llapota, a v\u00e1rosi ter\u00fcletek kialak\u00edt\u00e1sa, a (\u00e9jszakai) t\u00e1rol\u00f3helyek el\u00e9rhet\u0151s\u00e9ge \u00e9s a t\u00f6lt\u00e9si infrastrukt\u00fara.<\/li>\n<li>Munkaer\u0151: Az olyan demogr\u00e1fiai t\u00e9nyez\u0151k, mint a n\u00f6vekv\u0151 \u00e1tlag\u00e9letkor, a j\u00f6vedelmi szint \u00e9s az alacsonyabb iskolai v\u00e9gzetts\u00e9g negat\u00edvan befoly\u00e1solhatj\u00e1k a cargobicikli haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1ra val\u00f3 hajland\u00f3s\u00e1got.<\/li>\n<li>Szervezet: Ez olyan szempontokat foglal mag\u00e1ban, mint a fenntarthat\u00f3s\u00e1ghoz val\u00f3 hozz\u00e1\u00e1ll\u00e1s, a vezet\u0151i t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s, a technol\u00f3giai innov\u00e1ci\u00f3 ir\u00e1nti \u00e9rdekl\u0151d\u00e9s, valamint az \u00e9rz\u00e9kelt m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9si \u00e9s nem k\u00e9zzelfoghat\u00f3 el\u0151ny\u00f6k.<\/li>\n<li>Politika \u00e9s v\u00e1rostervez\u00e9s: Ez a kateg\u00f3ria olyan t\u00e9nyez\u0151ket foglal mag\u00e1ban, mint a szab\u00e1lyoz\u00e1ssal kapcsolatos korl\u00e1toz\u00e1sok, a parkol\u00e1si szab\u00e1lyok, a pr\u00f3ba\u00fczemi rendszerek \u00e9s a LEFV-k bevezet\u00e9s\u00e9t el\u0151seg\u00edt\u0151 p\u00e9nzbeli \u00f6szt\u00f6nz\u0151k.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"topic2-423\"><\/a>4.2.3. P\u00e9ld\u00e1k a mopedekre \u00e9s a kompakt j\u00e1rm\u0171vekre, egyedi jellemz\u0151iket illusztr\u00e1l\u00f3 k\u00e9pekkel k\u00eds\u00e9rve<\/h2>\n<p><strong><u>Mopedek:<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Mikroaut\u00f3k<\/strong>: A mikroaut\u00f3k a jelenleg m\u00e9g gy\u00e1rt\u00e1sban l\u00e9v\u0151 legkisebb aut\u00f3kateg\u00f3ria. A motorker\u00e9kp\u00e1rok \u00e9s az aut\u00f3k k\u00f6z\u00f6tti szakad\u00e9kot hidalj\u00e1k \u00e1t, gyakran motorker\u00e9kp\u00e1r-motorral hajtva. Ilyen p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a Fiat 500 \u00e9s a Peel P50 (a valaha gy\u00e1rtott legkisebb sorozatgy\u00e1rt\u00e1s\u00fa aut\u00f3nak tartj\u00e1k).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Elektromos mikroaut\u00f3k<\/strong>: K\u00f6nny\u0171ek \u00e9s ide\u00e1lisak kisebb teljes\u00edtm\u00e9ny\u0171 elektromos motorok sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra. P\u00e9ldak\u00e9nt eml\u00edthet\u0151 a Renault Twizy \u00e9s a Tazzari Zero.<\/li>\n<li><strong>H\u00e1rom ker\u00e9k\u0171 mikroaut\u00f3k<\/strong>: Egyes mikroaut\u00f3k h\u00e1romkerek\u0171ek, mint p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a Peel P50.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><u>Kompakt j\u00e1rm\u0171vek:<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Subcompact aut\u00f3k<\/strong>: Ezek a kompakt aut\u00f3kn\u00e1l valamivel kisebbek, \u00e9s biztos\u00edtj\u00e1k a t\u00e9r \u00e9s a hat\u00e9konys\u00e1g k\u00f6z\u00f6tti egyens\u00falyt. Ilyen p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a Mini Hatch, a Ford Fiesta \u00e9s a Toyota Yaris.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kompakt aut\u00f3k<\/strong>: Ezek a sokoldal\u00fa j\u00e1rm\u0171vek sz\u00e1mos karossz\u00e9riaform\u00e1hoz illeszkednek. N\u00e9pszer\u0171 modellek k\u00f6z\u00e9 tartozik a Volkswagen Golf, a Honda Civic \u00e9s a Hyundai Elantra.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>K\u00f6vetkez\u00e9sk\u00e9ppen mind a mopedek, mind a kompakt j\u00e1rm\u0171vek fontos szerepet j\u00e1tszanak a v\u00e1rosi mobilit\u00e1sban, hat\u00e9kony \u00e9s praktikus k\u00f6zleked\u00e9si lehet\u0151s\u00e9geket biztos\u00edtva. (<a href=\"https:\/\/lemonbin.com\/\">https:\/\/lemonbin.com<\/a>)<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2343\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2343\" style=\"width: 450px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2343\" src=\"http:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/cgg34.png\" alt=\"Moped kismotorker\u00e9kp\u00e1r (https:\/\/www.bing.com)\" width=\"450\" height=\"506\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2343\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Moped kismotorker\u00e9kp\u00e1r (https:\/\/www.bing.com)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2344\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2344\" style=\"width: 450px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2344\" src=\"http:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/cgg35.jpg\" alt=\"Elektromos mikroaut\u00f3, 3 szem\u00e9lyes, 163 kg rakom\u00e1nyt sz\u00e1ll\u00edt (https:\/\/www.pinterest.at)\" width=\"450\" height=\"363\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/cgg35.jpg 518w, https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/cgg35-300x242.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2344\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Elektromos mikroaut\u00f3, 3 szem\u00e9lyes, 163 kg rakom\u00e1nyt sz\u00e1ll\u00edt (https:\/\/www.pinterest.at)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2345\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2345\" style=\"width: 450px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2345\" src=\"http:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/cgg37.jpg\" alt=\"Mikroaut\u00f3, Toyota Ultra-compact BEV Concept Model for Business (Toyota Ultra-Compact BEV Concept Model for Business | Small Cars Club)\" width=\"450\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/cgg37.jpg 534w, https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/cgg37-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2345\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mikroaut\u00f3, Toyota Ultra-compact BEV Concept Model for Business (Toyota Ultra-Compact BEV Concept Model for Business | Small Cars Club)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>Az elektromos cargobicikliben rejl\u0151 lehet\u0151s\u00e9gek<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Mivel az elektromos aut\u00f3k jelenlegi piaca, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen a nagyobb modellek\u00e9, korl\u00e1tozott, a figyelem a kisebb elektromos j\u00e1rm\u0171vek, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul az elektromos cargobiciklik bevezet\u00e9se fel\u00e9 ir\u00e1nyul. Ezeket a j\u00e1rm\u0171veket a v\u00e1rosi k\u00f6zleked\u00e9s fenntarthat\u00f3s\u00e1g\u00e1nak fokoz\u00e1s\u00e1ra ir\u00e1nyul\u00f3 meggy\u0151z\u0151 lehet\u0151s\u00e9gk\u00e9nt tartj\u00e1k sz\u00e1mon (Lenz &amp; Riehle, 2012). Az cargobiciklik k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen \u00edg\u00e9retesek, mivel a hagyom\u00e1nyos, emberi er\u0151vel hajtott cargobiciklihez k\u00e9pest nagyobb teherb\u00edr\u00e1st \u00e9s nagyobb t\u00e1vols\u00e1gok megt\u00e9tel\u00e9t teszik lehet\u0151v\u00e9, \u00e9s olyan kulcsfontoss\u00e1g\u00fa korl\u00e1tokat k\u00fcsz\u00f6b\u00f6lnek ki, mint a hat\u00f3t\u00e1vols\u00e1g, a hasznos teherb\u00edr\u00e1s \u00e9s a vezet\u0151 kimer\u00fcl\u00e9se.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2346\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2346\" style=\"width: 598px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2346 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/cgg38.png\" alt=\"K\u00e9p egy k\u00e9tkerek\u0171 elektromos cargobiciklir\u0151l\" width=\"598\" height=\"397\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/cgg38.png 598w, https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/cgg38-300x199.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 598px) 100vw, 598px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2346\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">K\u00e9p egy k\u00e9tkerek\u0171 elektromos cargobiciklir\u0151l<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Ez a \u201eLong John\u201d n\u00e9ven ismert k\u00fcl\u00f6nleges kialak\u00edt\u00e1s az els\u0151 kerekek \u00e9s a korm\u00e1ny k\u00f6z\u00f6tt elhelyezett csomagtart\u00f3t tartalmaz. A fut\u00e1rok jellemz\u0151en a h\u00e1romkerek\u0171ekkel szemben a pontr\u00f3l pontra t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1shoz haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k.\u00a0 Ahhoz, hogy meghat\u00e1rozzuk egy \u00faj j\u00e1rm\u0171t\u00edpus potenci\u00e1lis siker\u00e9t a v\u00e1rosi fut\u00e1rlogisztikai piacon, elengedhetetlen a jelenlegi strukt\u00far\u00e1k meg\u00e9rt\u00e9se, amelyeket mind a ker\u00e9kp\u00e1ros, mind az aut\u00f3s sz\u00e1ll\u00edtm\u00e1nyok ir\u00e1nti kereslet befoly\u00e1sol.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3716\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3716\" style=\"width: 1315px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3716 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Picture3.png\" alt=\"A fut\u00e1rszolg\u00e1latok j\u00e1rm\u0171veinek tipikus k\u00f6lts\u00e9gei\" width=\"1315\" height=\"443\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Picture3.png 1315w, https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Picture3-300x101.png 300w, https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Picture3-1024x345.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Picture3-768x259.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1315px) 100vw, 1315px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3716\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A fut\u00e1rszolg\u00e1latok j\u00e1rm\u0171veinek tipikus k\u00f6lts\u00e9gei<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>B\u00e1r a fut\u00e1rszolg\u00e1latok a logisztikai \u00e1gazaton bel\u00fcl a t\u00f6bbi \u00e1gazathoz k\u00e9pest kisebb szegmenst k\u00e9pviselnek, jelent\u0151s kereslet mutatkozik e magas sz\u00ednvonal\u00fa sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1si szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sok ir\u00e1nt, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen az er\u0151s gazdas\u00e1gi aktivit\u00e1ssal rendelkez\u0151 v\u00e1rosi k\u00f6zpontokban. A nap folyam\u00e1n az eur\u00f3pai v\u00e1rosok utc\u00e1in k\u00f6zleked\u0151 ker\u00e9kp\u00e1ros vagy aut\u00f3s fut\u00e1rok l\u00e1tv\u00e1nya mindennapos jelens\u00e9g. Az aut\u00f3s \u00e9s a ker\u00e9kp\u00e1ros fut\u00e1rok k\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl versenyeznek egym\u00e1ssal, mivel piacaik nagym\u00e9rt\u00e9kben keresztezik egym\u00e1st t\u00e9rben, id\u0151ben \u00e9s a sz\u00e1ll\u00edtott \u00e1ruk t\u00edpusai tekintet\u00e9ben. Az olyan kism\u00e9ret\u0171 sz\u00e1ll\u00edtm\u00e1nyok eset\u00e9ben, mint a m\u00e9diaterm\u00e9kek, dokumentumok, alkatr\u00e9szek vagy laborat\u00f3riumi mint\u00e1k, ritk\u00e1n van sz\u00fcks\u00e9g az aut\u00f3 maxim\u00e1lis teherb\u00edr\u00e1s\u00e1ra.<\/p>\n<p>Elektromos cargobiciklik innovat\u00edv sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1si m\u00f3dot jelentenek a fut\u00e1rsz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sok sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra. A ker\u00e9kp\u00e1rok \u00e9s az aut\u00f3k k\u00f6z\u00f6tt helyezkednek el k\u00f6lts\u00e9g, teherb\u00edr\u00e1s \u00e9s hat\u00f3t\u00e1vols\u00e1g tekintet\u00e9ben \u00e9s potenci\u00e1llal rendelkeznek a piacon. A cargobickilik sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra a leg\u00edg\u00e9retesebb lehet\u0151s\u00e9geket val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171leg a zs\u00fafolts\u00e1ggal \u00e9s a k\u00f6rnyezeti z\u00f3n\u00e1k vagy a sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1si id\u0151korl\u00e1tok miatt korl\u00e1tozott hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9ssel k\u00fczd\u0151 v\u00e1rosi ter\u00fcletek k\u00edn\u00e1lj\u00e1k. Hogy a cargobickilik milyen m\u00e9rt\u00e9kben hatolnak be a ker\u00e9kp\u00e1r- \u00e9s szem\u00e9lyg\u00e9pkocsi-sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s megl\u00e9v\u0151 piacaira, vagy \u00faj piaci szegmenst hoznak l\u00e9tre, m\u00e9g nem tudjuk. Tov\u00e1bbi felm\u00e9r\u00e9sek f\u00e9nyt der\u00edthetnek arra, hogy a cargobickilik elfogad\u00e1s\u00e1t hogyan befoly\u00e1solj\u00e1k a fut\u00e1r-, expressz- \u00e9s csomagsz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1si (CEP) piac sz\u00e9lesebb k\u00f6r\u0171 trendjei, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a v\u00e1llalkoz\u00e1sok \u00e9s fogyaszt\u00f3k k\u00f6z\u00f6tti (B2C) sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sok, a mikrokonszolid\u00e1ci\u00f3s gyakorlatok vagy a magas min\u0151s\u00e9g\u0171 logisztikai szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sok, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul az aznapi sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s ir\u00e1nti ig\u00e9ny (Gruber et al., 2014).<\/p>\n<h2><a id=\"topic2-424\"><\/a>Hivatkoz\u00e1sok<\/h2>\n<p>A rendszerbe kapcsolhat\u00f3 \u00e9s automatiz\u00e1lt k\u00f6zleked\u00e9s (cikk): Kutat\u00e1si \u00e9s innov\u00e1ci\u00f3s kapacit\u00e1s Eur\u00f3p\u00e1ban, 2020. szeptember, szerz\u0151k: Konstantinos Gkoumas, Mitchell van Balen, Anastasios Tsakalidis, Pekar Ferenc.<\/p>\n<p>Bjerkan, K. Y., Sund, A. B., &amp; Nordt\u00f8mme, M. E. (2014). Az \u00e9rdekelt felek v\u00e1laszai a z\u00f6ld \u00e9s hat\u00e9kony v\u00e1rosi \u00e1rusz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sra vonatkoz\u00f3 int\u00e9zked\u00e9sekre. Research in Transportation Business &amp; Management, 11, 32-42. \u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rtbm.2014.05.001<\/p>\n<p>Bosona, T. (2020). V\u00e1rosi tehersz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s utols\u00f3 kilom\u00e9teres logisztik\u00e1ja &#8211; kih\u00edv\u00e1sok \u00e9s lehet\u0151s\u00e9gek a fenntarthat\u00f3s\u00e1g jav\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra: A Literature Review. Fenntarthat\u00f3s\u00e1g, 12(21), 21. cikk. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su12218769<\/p>\n<p>D\u00edaz-Ram\u00edrez, J., Zazueta-Nassif, S., Galarza-Tamez, R., Prato-S\u00e1nchez, D., &amp; Huertas, J. I. (2023). V\u00e1rosi eloszt\u00f3h\u00e1l\u00f3zatok jellemz\u00e9se k\u00f6nny\u0171 elektromos \u00e1rusz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00f3 j\u00e1rm\u0171vekkel. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 119, 103719. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trd.2023.103719<\/p>\n<p>Galambos, K. J., Palomino-Hern\u00e1ndez, A. B., Hemmelmayr, V. C., &amp; Turan, B. (2024). Fenntarthat\u00f3s\u00e1gi kezdem\u00e9nyez\u00e9sek a v\u00e1rosi \u00e1rusz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sban Eur\u00f3p\u00e1ban. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 23, 101013. \u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trip.2023.101013<\/p>\n<p>Gruber, J., Kihm, A., &amp; Lenz, B. (2014). A v\u00e1rosi \u00e1rusz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s \u00faj j\u00e1rm\u0171ve? Az elektromos cargobiciklik el\u0151zetes \u00e9rt\u00e9kel\u00e9se a fut\u00e1rszolg\u00e1latokban. Research in Transportation Business &amp; Management, 11, 53-62. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rtbm.2014.03.004<\/p>\n<p>Holgu\u00edn-Veras, J., Encarnaci\u00f3n, T., Gonz\u00e1lez-Calder\u00f3n, C. A., Winebrake, J., Wang, C., Kyle, S., Herazo-Padilla, N., Kalahasthi, L., Adarme, W., Cantillo, V., Yoshizaki, H., &amp; Garrido, R. (2018). Az \u00fczemid\u0151n k\u00edv\u00fcli sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sok k\u00f6zvetlen hat\u00e1sai a v\u00e1rosi \u00e1rusz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s kibocs\u00e1t\u00e1s\u00e1ra. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 61, 84-103. \u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trd.2016.10.013<\/p>\n<p>Kin, B., Ploos van Amstel, W., &amp; Fransen, R. (2024, m\u00e1rcius 21.). K\u00f6nny\u0171 elektromos j\u00e1rm\u0171vek: Beyond the hype.<\/p>\n<p>Pan, S., Zhou, W., Piramuthu, S., Giannikas, V., &amp; Chen, C. (2021). Intelligens v\u00e1ros a fenntarthat\u00f3 v\u00e1rosi \u00e1rusz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1si logisztik\u00e1\u00e9rt. International Journal of Production Research, 59(7), 2079-2089. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00207543.2021.1893970<\/p>\n<p>Singh, M., &amp; Gupta, S. (2020). V\u00e1rosi vas\u00fati rendszer az \u00e1rusz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1shoz egy megav\u00e1rosban: Delhi esettanulm\u00e1nya, India. Transportation Research Procedia, 48, 452-466.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trpro.2020.08.052<\/p>\n<p>Viena\u017eindien\u0117, M., Tamulien\u0117, V., &amp; Zaleckien\u0117, J. (2021). A fenntarthat\u00f3s\u00e1g fejleszt\u00e9s\u00e9t keres\u0151 z\u00f6ld logisztikai gyakorlatok: Evidence from Lithuanian Transportation and Logistics Companies. Energies, 14(22), 22. cikk. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/en14227500<\/p>\n<p>Ystmark Bjerkan, K., &amp; Babri, S. (2024). Az e-kereskedelem \u00e1t\u00e1ll\u00e1sa: A norv\u00e9g v\u00e1rosi \u00e1rufuvaroz\u00e1si \u00e1gazat \u00e9szlelt \u00fatjai. Research in Transportation Economics, 103, 101391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.retrec.2023.101391<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/lemonbin.com\/\">https:\/\/lemonbin.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/\">https:\/\/www.bing.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pinterest.at\">https:\/\/www.pinterest.at<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h1><a id=\"topic2-3\"><\/a>5.1. A rendszerbe kapcsolhat\u00f3 \u00e9s automatiz\u00e1lt mobilit\u00e1s \u00e9s a j\u00f6v\u0151 v\u00e1rosi logisztik\u00e1ja<\/h1>\n<table style=\"font-weight: 400;\" data-tablestyle=\"MsoTableGrid\" data-tablelook=\"1184\" aria-rowcount=\"5\">\n<tbody>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"1\">\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Modul<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">B. Menedzsment<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"2\">\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">T\u00e9ma<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">5.1 A rendszerbe kapcsolhat\u00f3 \u00e9s automatiz\u00e1lt mobilit\u00e1s \u00e9s a j\u00f6v\u0151 v\u00e1rosi logisztik\u00e1ja<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"3\">\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">C\u00e9l<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A v\u00e1rosi k\u00f6zleked\u00e9s digit\u00e1lis \u00e1talakul\u00e1s\u00e1nak technol\u00f3giai trendjeinek bemutat\u00e1sa, valamint a kooperat\u00edv, \u00f6sszekapcsolt \u00e9s automatiz\u00e1lt mobilit\u00e1s (CCAM)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A CCAM potenci\u00e1lis hozz\u00e1j\u00e1rul\u00e1s\u00e1nak elemz\u00e9se a fut\u00e1r-\/ postai\/ sz\u00e1ll\u00edtm\u00e1nyoz\u00e1si szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sokra vonatkoz\u00f3 fejlett szabv\u00e1nyok kialak\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz \u00e9s a kapcsol\u00f3d\u00f3 kih\u00edv\u00e1sokhoz\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"4\">\n<td colspan=\"2\" data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A k\u00e9pz\u00e9s eredm\u00e9nyei<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"5\">\n<td colspan=\"2\" data-celllook=\"0\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"2\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Naprak\u00e9sz ismeretek a v\u00e1rosi mobilit\u00e1s \u00e9s az \u00e1rusz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s j\u00f6v\u0151beli technol\u00f3giai trendjeir\u0151l<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"2\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A CCAM szerep\u00e9nek \u00e9s potenci\u00e1lj\u00e1nak alapos ismerete a hat\u00e9kony fut\u00e1r-, postai- \u00e9s sz\u00e1ll\u00edtm\u00e1nyoz\u00e1si m\u0171veletek digit\u00e1lis \u00e9s k\u00f6rnyezetbar\u00e1t \u00e1talak\u00edt\u00e1sa ter\u00e9n<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"ead-preview\"><div class=\"ead-document\" style=\"position: relative;\"><iframe src=\"\/\/view.officeapps.live.com\/op\/embed.aspx?src=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.green-courier.eu%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F10%2FCGG_presentation_5_1_HU.pptx\" title=\"Embedded Document\" class=\"ead-iframe\" style=\"width: 100%;height: 80%;border: none;min-height: 500px;\"><\/iframe><\/div><p class=\"embed_download\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/CGG_presentation_5_1_HU.pptx\" download >let\u00f6lt\u00e9s [162.00 B] <\/a><\/p><\/div>\n<h1><a id=\"topic2-31\"><\/a>Ellen\u0151rizze tud\u00e1s\u00e1t<\/h1>\n            <div class='ays-quiz-container ays_quiz_classic_light  ' data-quest-effect='shake'  data-hide-bg-image='false' id='ays-quiz-container-22'>                                                <div class='ays-questions-container'>                                                            <form action='' method='post' id='ays_finish_quiz_22'                         class='ays-quiz-form enable_correction enable_questions_result '                    >            <input type='hidden' value='list' class='answer_view_class'>            <input type='hidden' value='' class='ays_qm_enable_arrows'>                                    <div class='step active-step'>                <div class='ays-abs-fs ays-start-page'>                                                            <p class='ays-fs-title'>Kv\u00edz: B modul - 3. t\u00e9ma<\/p>                    <div class='ays-fs-subtitle'><\/div>                    <input type='hidden' name='ays_quiz_id' value='22'\/>                    <input type='hidden' name='ays_quiz_curent_page_link' class='ays-quiz-curent-page-link' value='https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/mathima\/2479'\/>                    <input type='hidden' name='ays_quiz_questions' value='137,136,135,134'>                                                            <input type='button'   class='ays_next start_button action-button' value='Start' data-enable-leave-page=\"false\" \/>                                        <\/div>                <\/div><div class='step ' data-question-id='137' data-type='radio'>                                                            <p class='ays-question-counter animated'>1 \/ 4<\/p>                    <div class='ays-abs-fs'>                                                <div class='ays_quiz_question'>                                <p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Igaz vagy hamis?<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Az \u00f6nm\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151 mobilit\u00e1s bevezet\u00e9se cs\u00f6kkentheti a k\u00f6zleked\u00e9s k\u00f6rnyezeti hat\u00e1s\u00e1t, de v\u00e1rhat\u00f3an n\u00f6velni fogja a m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9si k\u00f6lts\u00e9geket.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>                            <\/div>                                                    <div class='ays-quiz-answers ays_list_view_container  '>            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item' >                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>                <input type='radio' name='ays_questions[ays-question-137]' id='ays-answer-443-22' value='443'\/>                <label for='ays-answer-443-22' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class' >Igaz<\/label>            <\/div>            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item' >                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>                <input type='radio' name='ays_questions[ays-question-137]' id='ays-answer-444-22' value='444'\/>                <label for='ays-answer-444-22' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class' >hamis<\/label>            <\/div><script>            if(typeof window.quizOptions_22 === 'undefined'){                window.quizOptions_22 = [];            }            window.quizOptions_22['137'] = 'eyJxdWVzdGlvbl9hbnN3ZXIiOnsiNDQzIjoiMCIsIjQ0NCI6IjEifX0=';<\/script><\/div>                                                                                                <div class='ays_buttons_div'>                                                <i class=\"ays_fa ays_fa_arrow_left ays_previous action-button ays_arrow ays_display_none\"><\/i>                        <input type='button' class='ays_previous action-button ' value='Prev' \/>                                                <i class=\"ays_fa ays_fa_arrow_right ays_next action-button ays_arrow ays_next_arrow ays_display_none\"><\/i>                        <input type='button' class='ays_next action-button ' value='Next' \/>                    <\/div>                                                <div class='wrong_answer_text ' style='display:none'>                            <p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW155731736 BCX0\" lang=\"HU-HU\" xml:lang=\"HU-HU\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW155731736 BCX0\">Ha a v\u00e1lasz [Igaz], <a href=\"https:\/\/view.officeapps.live.com\/op\/view.aspx?src=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Egreen-courier%2Eeu%3A80%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F10%2FCGG_presentation_5_1_HU%2Epptx&amp;wdSlideId=297&amp;wdModeSwitchTime=1727967679401\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">akkor l\u00e9pjen a 11.<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>                        <\/div>                        <div class='right_answer_text ays_do_not_show' style='display:none'>                                                    <\/div>                        <div class='ays_questtion_explanation' style='display:none'>                                                    <\/div>                                                                    <\/div>                <\/div><div class='step ' data-question-id='136' data-type='radio'>                                                            <p class='ays-question-counter animated'>2 \/ 4<\/p>                    <div class='ays-abs-fs'>                                                <div class='ays_quiz_question'>                                <p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Igaz vagy hamis?<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A pil\u00f3ta n\u00e9lk\u00fcli l\u00e9gi j\u00e1rm\u0171vek csak v\u00e1rosokban haszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3k s\u00fcrg\u0151ss\u00e9gi szolg\u00e1latra, orvosi ell\u00e1t\u00e1sra \u00e9s forgalomfel\u00fcgyeletre.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>                            <\/div>                                                    <div class='ays-quiz-answers ays_list_view_container  '>            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item' >                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>                <input type='radio' name='ays_questions[ays-question-136]' id='ays-answer-441-22' value='441'\/>                <label for='ays-answer-441-22' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class' >Igaz<\/label>            <\/div>            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item' >                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>                <input type='radio' name='ays_questions[ays-question-136]' id='ays-answer-442-22' value='442'\/>                <label for='ays-answer-442-22' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class' >hamis<\/label>            <\/div><script>            if(typeof window.quizOptions_22 === 'undefined'){                window.quizOptions_22 = [];            }            window.quizOptions_22['136'] = 'eyJxdWVzdGlvbl9hbnN3ZXIiOnsiNDQxIjoiMCIsIjQ0MiI6IjEifX0=';<\/script><\/div>                                                                                                <div class='ays_buttons_div'>                                                <i class=\"ays_fa ays_fa_arrow_left ays_previous action-button ays_arrow ays_display_none\"><\/i>                        <input type='button' class='ays_previous action-button ' value='Prev' \/>                                                <i class=\"ays_fa ays_fa_arrow_right ays_next action-button ays_arrow ays_next_arrow ays_display_none\"><\/i>                        <input type='button' class='ays_next action-button ' value='Next' \/>                    <\/div>                                                <div class='wrong_answer_text ' style='display:none'>                            <p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW73972378 BCX0\" lang=\"HU-HU\" xml:lang=\"HU-HU\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW73972378 BCX0\">Ha a v\u00e1lasz [Igaz], <a href=\"https:\/\/view.officeapps.live.com\/op\/view.aspx?src=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Egreen-courier%2Eeu%3A80%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F10%2FCGG_presentation_5_1_HU%2Epptx&amp;wdSlideId=306&amp;wdModeSwitchTime=1727967612686\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">akkor l\u00e9pjen a 9.<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>                        <\/div>                        <div class='right_answer_text ays_do_not_show' style='display:none'>                                                    <\/div>                        <div class='ays_questtion_explanation' style='display:none'>                                                    <\/div>                                                                    <\/div>                <\/div><div class='step ' data-question-id='135' data-type='radio'>                                                            <p class='ays-question-counter animated'>3 \/ 4<\/p>                    <div class='ays-abs-fs'>                                                <div class='ays_quiz_question'>                                <p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Igaz vagy hamis?<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A cargobiciklik \u00e9s a j\u00e1rd\u00e1n k\u00f6zleked\u0151 robotok kombin\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1val jav\u00edthat\u00f3 az utols\u00f3 kilom\u00e9teres kisz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s hat\u00e9konys\u00e1ga \u00e9s fenntarthat\u00f3s\u00e1ga.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>                            <\/div>                                                    <div class='ays-quiz-answers ays_list_view_container  '>            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item' >                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>                <input type='radio' name='ays_questions[ays-question-135]' id='ays-answer-439-22' value='439'\/>                <label for='ays-answer-439-22' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class' >Igaz<\/label>            <\/div>            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item' >                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>                <input type='radio' name='ays_questions[ays-question-135]' id='ays-answer-440-22' value='440'\/>                <label for='ays-answer-440-22' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class' >hamis<\/label>            <\/div><script>            if(typeof window.quizOptions_22 === 'undefined'){                window.quizOptions_22 = [];            }            window.quizOptions_22['135'] = 'eyJxdWVzdGlvbl9hbnN3ZXIiOnsiNDM5IjoiMSIsIjQ0MCI6IjAifX0=';<\/script><\/div>                                                                                                <div class='ays_buttons_div'>                                                <i class=\"ays_fa ays_fa_arrow_left ays_previous action-button ays_arrow ays_display_none\"><\/i>                        <input type='button' class='ays_previous action-button ' value='Prev' \/>                                                <i class=\"ays_fa ays_fa_arrow_right ays_next action-button ays_arrow ays_next_arrow ays_display_none\"><\/i>                        <input type='button' class='ays_next action-button ' value='Next' \/>                    <\/div>                                                <div class='wrong_answer_text ' style='display:none'>                            <p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW109994587 BCX0\" lang=\"HU-HU\" xml:lang=\"HU-HU\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW109994587 BCX0\">Ha a v\u00e1lasz [Hamis], <a href=\"https:\/\/view.officeapps.live.com\/op\/view.aspx?src=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Egreen-courier%2Eeu%3A80%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F10%2FCGG_presentation_5_1_HU%2Epptx&amp;wdSlideId=296&amp;wdModeSwitchTime=1727967532245\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">akkor l\u00e9pjen a 8.<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>                        <\/div>                        <div class='right_answer_text ays_do_not_show' style='display:none'>                                                    <\/div>                        <div class='ays_questtion_explanation' style='display:none'>                                                    <\/div>                                                                    <\/div>                <\/div><div class='step ' data-question-id='134' data-type='radio'>                                                            <p class='ays-question-counter animated'>4 \/ 4<\/p>                    <div class='ays-abs-fs'>                                                <div class='ays_quiz_question'>                                <p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Igaz vagy hamis?<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Az \u00f6nvezet\u0151 j\u00e1rm\u0171vek olyan \u00f6nvezet\u0151 aut\u00f3k, amelyek k\u00e9pesek megv\u00e1ltoztatni az el\u00e9rhet\u0151s\u00e9gi \u00e9s mobilit\u00e1si felt\u00e9teleket.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>                            <\/div>                                                    <div class='ays-quiz-answers ays_list_view_container  '>            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item' >                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>                <input type='radio' name='ays_questions[ays-question-134]' id='ays-answer-437-22' value='437'\/>                <label for='ays-answer-437-22' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class' >Igaz<\/label>            <\/div>            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item' >                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>                <input type='radio' name='ays_questions[ays-question-134]' id='ays-answer-438-22' value='438'\/>                <label for='ays-answer-438-22' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class' >hamis<\/label>            <\/div><script>            if(typeof window.quizOptions_22 === 'undefined'){                window.quizOptions_22 = [];            }            window.quizOptions_22['134'] = 'eyJxdWVzdGlvbl9hbnN3ZXIiOnsiNDM3IjoiMSIsIjQzOCI6IjAifX0=';<\/script><\/div>                                                                                                <div class='ays_buttons_div'>                                                        <i class=\"ays_fa ays_fa_arrow_left ays_previous action-button ays_arrow ays_display_none\"><\/i>                            <input type='button' class='ays_previous action-button '  value='Prev' \/>                            <i class='ays_display_none ays_fa ays_fa_flag_checkered ays_finish action-button ays_arrow ays_next_arrow'><\/i><input type='submit' name='ays_finish_quiz' class='  ays_next ays_finish action-button' value='See Result'\/>                        <\/div>                                                <div class='wrong_answer_text ' style='display:none'>                            <p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW265238837 BCX0\" lang=\"HU-HU\" xml:lang=\"HU-HU\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW265238837 BCX0\">Ha a v\u00e1lasz [Hamis], <a href=\"https:\/\/view.officeapps.live.com\/op\/view.aspx?src=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Egreen-courier%2Eeu%3A80%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F10%2FCGG_presentation_5_1_HU%2Epptx&amp;wdSlideId=288&amp;wdModeSwitchTime=1727967471762\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">akkor l\u00e9pjen a 4.<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>                        <\/div>                        <div class='right_answer_text ays_do_not_show' style='display:none'>                                                    <\/div>                        <div class='ays_questtion_explanation' style='display:none'>                                                    <\/div>                                                                    <\/div>                <\/div><div class='step ays_thank_you_fs'>            <div class='ays-abs-fs ays-end-page'><div data-class='lds-ellipsis' data-role='loader' class='ays-loader'><div><\/div><div><\/div><div><\/div><div><\/div><\/div><div class='ays_quiz_results_page'><div class='ays_score_message'><\/div><div class='ays_message'><\/div><p class='ays_score ays_score_display_none animated'>Your score is<\/p><p class='ays_average'>The average score is 67%<\/p><div class='ays-progress third'>                <span class='ays-progress-value third'>0%<\/span>                <div class='ays-progress-bg third'>                    <div class='ays-progress-bar third' style='width:0%;'><\/div>                <\/div>            <\/div><p class='ays_restart_button_p'><button type='button' class='action-button ays_restart_button'>                    <i class='ays_fa ays_fa_undo'><\/i>                    <span>Restart quiz<\/span>                <\/button><\/p><\/div>            <\/div>        <\/div><style>            div#ays-quiz-container-22 * {                box-sizing: border-box;            }            \/* Styles for Internet Explorer start *\/            #ays-quiz-container-22 #ays_finish_quiz_22 {                            }            \/* Styles for Quiz container *\/            #ays-quiz-container-22{                min-height: 450px;                width:800px;                background-color:#fff;                background-position:center center;border-radius:8px;box-shadow: 0px 0px 15px  1px rgba(201,201,201,0.4);border: none;}            \/* Styles for questions *\/            #ays-quiz-container-22 #ays_finish_quiz_22 div.step {                min-height: 450px;            }            \/* Styles for text inside quiz container *\/            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays-start-page *:not(input),            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays_question_hint,            #ays-quiz-container-22 label[for^=\"ays-answer-\"],            #ays-quiz-container-22 #ays_finish_quiz_22 p,            #ays-quiz-container-22 #ays_finish_quiz_22 .ays-fs-title,            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays-fs-subtitle,            #ays-quiz-container-22 .logged_in_message,            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays_score_message,            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays_message{               color: #000000;               outline: none;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays-quiz-password-message-box,            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays-quiz-question-note-message-box,            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays_quiz_question,            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays_quiz_question *:not([class^='enlighter']) {                color: #000000;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 textarea,            #ays-quiz-container-22 input::first-letter,            #ays-quiz-container-22 select::first-letter,            #ays-quiz-container-22 option::first-letter {                color: initial !important;            }                        #ays-quiz-container-22 p::first-letter:not(.ays_no_questions_message) {                color: #000000 !important;                background-color: transparent !important;                font-size: inherit !important;                font-weight: inherit !important;                float: none !important;                line-height: inherit !important;                margin: 0 !important;                padding: 0 !important;            }                                    #ays-quiz-container-22 .select2-container,            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays-field * {                font-size: 15px !important;            }                #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays_quiz_question p {                font-size: 16px;                            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays-fs-subtitle p {                text-align:  center ;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays_quiz_question {                text-align:  center ;                margin-bottom: 10px;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays_quiz_question pre {                max-width: 100%;                white-space: break-spaces;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays-quiz-timer p {                font-size: 16px;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 section.ays_quiz_redirection_timer_container hr,            #ays-quiz-container-22 section.ays_quiz_timer_container hr {                margin: 0;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 section.ays_quiz_timer_container.ays_quiz_timer_red_warning .ays-quiz-timer {                color: red;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays_thank_you_fs p {                text-align: center;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays_quiz_results_page .ays_score span {                visibility: visible;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 input[type='button'],            #ays-quiz-container-22 input[type='submit'] {                color: #ffffff !important;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 input[type='button']{                outline: none;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 .information_form input[type='text'],            #ays-quiz-container-22 .information_form input[type='url'],            #ays-quiz-container-22 .information_form input[type='number'],            #ays-quiz-container-22 .information_form input[type='email'],            #ays-quiz-container-22 .information_form input[type='checkbox'],            #ays-quiz-container-22 .information_form input[type='tel'],            #ays-quiz-container-22 .information_form textarea,            #ays-quiz-container-22 .information_form select,            #ays-quiz-container-22 .information_form option {                color: initial !important;                outline: none;                background-image: unset;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 .wrong_answer_text{                color:#ff4d4d;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 .right_answer_text{                color:#33cc33;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 .wrong_answer_text p {                font-size:16px;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays_questtion_explanation p {                font-size:16px;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 .wrong_answer_text *:not(strong) {                text-transform:none;                text-decoration: none;                letter-spacing: 0px;                font-weight: normal;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays_questtion_explanation *:not(strong) {                text-transform:none;                text-decoration: none;                letter-spacing: 0px;                font-weight: normal;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 .right_answer_text *:not(strong) {                text-transform:none;                text-decoration: none;                letter-spacing: 0px;                font-weight: normal;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 .right_answer_text p {                font-size:16px;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays-quiz-question-note-message-box p {                font-size:14px;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays-quiz-question-note-message-box *:not(strong) {                text-transform:none;                text-decoration: none;                letter-spacing: 0px;                font-weight: normal;            }                        #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays_cb_and_a,            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays_cb_and_a * {                color: rgb(0,0,0);                text-align: center;            }            \/* Quiz textarea height *\/            #ays-quiz-container-22 textarea {                height: 100px;                min-height: 100px;            }            \/* Quiz rate and passed users count *\/            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays_quizn_ancnoxneri_qanak,            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays_quiz_rete_avg {                color:#fff !important;                background-color:#000000;               }            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays-questions-container > .ays_quizn_ancnoxneri_qanak {                padding: 5px 20px;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 div.for_quiz_rate.ui.star.rating .icon {                color: rgba(0,0,0,0.35);            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays_quiz_rete_avg div.for_quiz_rate_avg.ui.star.rating .icon {                color: rgba(255,255,255,0.5);            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays_quiz_rete .ays-quiz-rate-link-box .ays-quiz-rate-link {                color: #000000;            }            \/* Loaders *\/                        #ays-quiz-container-22 div.lds-spinner,            #ays-quiz-container-22 div.lds-spinner2 {                color: #000000;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 div.lds-spinner div:after,            #ays-quiz-container-22 div.lds-spinner2 div:after {                background-color: #000000;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 .lds-circle,            #ays-quiz-container-22 .lds-facebook div,            #ays-quiz-container-22 .lds-ellipsis div{                background: #000000;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 .lds-ripple div{                border-color: #000000;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 .lds-dual-ring::after,            #ays-quiz-container-22 .lds-hourglass::after{                border-color: #000000 transparent #000000 transparent;            }            \/* Stars *\/            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ui.rating .icon,            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ui.rating .icon:before {                font-family: Rating !important;            }            \/* Progress bars *\/            #ays-quiz-container-22 #ays_finish_quiz_22 .ays-progress {                border-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.8);            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 #ays_finish_quiz_22 .ays-progress-bg {                background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3);            }                #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays-progress-value {                color: #000000;                text-align: center;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays-progress-bar {                background-color: #5d6cf9;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays-question-counter .ays-live-bar-wrap {                direction:ltr !important;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays-live-bar-fill{                color: #000000;                border-bottom: 2px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.8);                text-shadow: 0px 0px 5px #fff;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays-live-bar-fill.ays-live-fourth,            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays-live-bar-fill.ays-live-third,            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays-live-bar-fill.ays-live-second {                text-shadow: unset;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays-live-bar-percent{                display:none;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 #ays_finish_quiz_22 .ays_average {                text-align: center;            }                        \/* Music, Sound *\/            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays_music_sound {                color:rgb(0,0,0);            }            \/* Dropdown questions scroll bar *\/            #ays-quiz-container-22 blockquote {                border-left-color: #000000 !important;                                                  }            \/* Quiz Password *\/            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays-start-page > input[id^='ays_quiz_password_val_'],            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays-quiz-password-toggle-visibility-box {                width: 100%;            }            \/* Question hint *\/            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays_question_hint_container .ays_question_hint_text {                background-color:#fff;                box-shadow: 0 0 15px 3px rgba(201,201,201,0.6);                max-width: 270px;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays_question_hint_container .ays_question_hint_text p {                max-width: unset;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays_questions_hint_max_width_class {                max-width: 80%;            }            \/* Information form *\/            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays-form-title{                color:rgb(0,0,0);            }            \/* Quiz timer *\/            #ays-quiz-container-22 div.ays-quiz-redirection-timer,            #ays-quiz-container-22 div.ays-quiz-timer{                color: #000000;                text-align: center;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 div.ays-quiz-timer.ays-quiz-message-before-timer:before {                font-weight: 500;            }            \/* Quiz title \/ transformation *\/            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays-fs-title{                text-transform: uppercase;                font-size: 28px;                text-align: center;                    text-shadow: none;            }                        \/* Quiz buttons *\/            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays_arrow {                color:#ffffff!important;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 input#ays-submit,            #ays-quiz-container-22 #ays_finish_quiz_22 .action-button,            div#ays-quiz-container-22 #ays_finish_quiz_22 .action-button.ays_restart_button,            #ays-quiz-container-22 + .ays-quiz-category-selective-main-container .ays-quiz-category-selective-restart-bttn,            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays-quiz-category-selective-submit-bttn {                background: none;                background-color: #5d6cf9;                color:#ffffff;                font-size: 18px;                padding: 14px 36px;                border-radius: 8px;                height: auto;                letter-spacing: 0;                box-shadow: unset;                width: auto;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 input#ays-submit,            #ays-quiz-container-22 #ays_finish_quiz_22 input.action-button,            #ays-quiz-container-22 + .ays-quiz-category-selective-main-container .ays-quiz-category-selective-restart-bttn,            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays-quiz-category-selective-submit-bttn {                            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 #ays_finish_quiz_22 .action-button.ays_check_answer {                padding: 5px 10px;                font-size: 18px !important;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 #ays_finish_quiz_22 .action-button.ays_restart_button {                white-space: nowrap;                padding: 5px 10px;                white-space: normal;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 input#ays-submit:hover,            #ays-quiz-container-22 input#ays-submit:focus,            #ays-quiz-container-22 #ays_finish_quiz_22 .action-button:hover,            #ays-quiz-container-22 #ays_finish_quiz_22 .action-button:focus,            #ays-quiz-container-22 + .ays-quiz-category-selective-main-container .ays-quiz-category-selective-restart-bttn:hover,            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays-quiz-category-selective-submit-bttn:hover {                background: none;                box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px #ffffff;                background-color: #5d6cf9;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays_restart_button {                color: #ffffff;            }                        #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays_restart_button_p,            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays_buttons_div {                justify-content: center;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays_finish.action-button{                margin: 10px 5px;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays-share-btn.ays-share-btn-branded {                color: #fff;                display: inline-block;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays_quiz_results .ays-field.checked_answer_div.correct_div input:checked+label {                background-color: transparent;            }                                    \/* Question answers *\/            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays-field {                    border-color: #dddddd;                    border-style: solid;                    border-width: 1px;                    box-shadow: none;            }            \/* Answer maximum length of a text field *\/            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays_quiz_question_text_message{                color: #000000;                text-align: left;                font-size: 12px;            }            div#ays-quiz-container-22 div.ays_quiz_question_text_error_message {                color: #ff0000;            }                        #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays-quiz-answers .ays-field:hover{                opacity: 1;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 #ays_finish_quiz_22 .ays-field {                margin-bottom: 12px;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 #ays_finish_quiz_22 .ays-field.ays_grid_view_item {                width: calc(50% - 6px);            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 #ays_finish_quiz_22 .ays-field.ays_grid_view_item:nth-child(odd) {                margin-right: 6px;            }                        #ays-quiz-container-22 #ays_finish_quiz_22 .ays-field input:checked+label:before {                border-color: #5d6cf9;                background: #5d6cf9;                background-clip: content-box;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays-quiz-answers div.ays-text-right-answer {                color: #000000;            }                        \/* Questions answer image *\/            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays-answer-image {                width:50%;            }                        \/* Questions answer right\/wrong icons *\/            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays-field input~label.answered.correct:after{                content: '';          }            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays-field input~label.answered.wrong:after{                content: '';            }            \/* Dropdown questions *\/                        #ays-quiz-container-22 #ays_finish_quiz_22 .ays-field .select2-container--default .select2-selection--single {                border-bottom: 2px solid #5d6cf9;                background-color: #5d6cf9;            }                        #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays-field .select2-container--default .select2-selection--single .select2-selection__placeholder,            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays-field .select2-container--default .select2-selection--single .select2-selection__rendered,            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays-field .select2-container--default .select2-selection--single .select2-selection__arrow {                color: #ffffff;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 .select2-container--default .select2-search--dropdown .select2-search__field:focus,            #ays-quiz-container-22 .select2-container--default .select2-search--dropdown .select2-search__field {                outline: unset;                padding: 0.75rem;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays-field .select2-container--default .select2-selection--single .select2-selection__rendered,            #ays-quiz-container-22 .select2-container--default .select2-results__option--highlighted[aria-selected] {                background-color: #5d6cf9;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays-field .select2-container--default,            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays-field .select2-container--default .selection,            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays-field .select2-container--default .dropdown-wrapper,            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays-field .select2-container--default .select2-selection--single .select2-selection__rendered,            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays-field .select2-container--default .select2-selection--single .select2-selection__rendered .select2-selection__placeholder,            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays-field .select2-container--default .select2-selection--single .select2-selection__arrow,            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays-field .select2-container--default .select2-selection--single .select2-selection__arrow b[role='presentation'] {                font-size: 16px !important;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 .select2-container--default .select2-results__option {                padding: 6px;            }                        \/* Dropdown questions scroll bar *\/            #ays-quiz-container-22 .select2-results__options::-webkit-scrollbar {                width: 7px;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 .select2-results__options::-webkit-scrollbar-track {                background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.35);            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 .select2-results__options::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {                transition: .3s ease-in-out;                background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.55);            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 .select2-results__options::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover {                transition: .3s ease-in-out;                background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.85);            }            \/* Audio \/ Video *\/            #ays-quiz-container-22 .mejs-container .mejs-time{                box-sizing: unset;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 .mejs-container .mejs-time-rail {                padding-top: 15px;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 .mejs-container .mejs-mediaelement video {                margin: 0;            }            \/* Limitation *\/            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays-quiz-limitation-count-of-takers {                padding: 50px;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 div.ays-quiz-results-toggle-block span.ays-show-res-toggle.ays-res-toggle-show,            #ays-quiz-container-22 div.ays-quiz-results-toggle-block span.ays-show-res-toggle.ays-res-toggle-hide{                color: #000000;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 div.ays-quiz-results-toggle-block input:checked + label.ays_switch_toggle {                border: 1px solid #000000;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 div.ays-quiz-results-toggle-block input:checked + label.ays_switch_toggle {                border: 1px solid #000000;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 div.ays-quiz-results-toggle-block input:checked + label.ays_switch_toggle:after{                background: #000000;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22.ays_quiz_elegant_dark div.ays-quiz-results-toggle-block input:checked + label.ays_switch_toggle:after,            #ays-quiz-container-22.ays_quiz_rect_dark div.ays-quiz-results-toggle-block input:checked + label.ays_switch_toggle:after{                background: #000;            }            \/* Hestia theme (Version: 3.0.16) | Start *\/            #ays-quiz-container-22 .mejs-container .mejs-inner .mejs-controls .mejs-button > button:hover,            #ays-quiz-container-22 .mejs-container .mejs-inner .mejs-controls .mejs-button > button {                box-shadow: unset;                background-color: transparent;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 .mejs-container .mejs-inner .mejs-controls .mejs-button > button {                margin: 10px 6px;            }            \/* Hestia theme (Version: 3.0.16) | End *\/            \/* Go theme (Version: 1.4.3) | Start *\/            #ays-quiz-container-22 label[for^='ays-answer']:before,            #ays-quiz-container-22 label[for^='ays-answer']:before {                -webkit-mask-image: unset;                mask-image: unset;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22.ays_quiz_classic_light .ays-field input:checked+label.answered.correct:before,            #ays-quiz-container-22.ays_quiz_classic_dark .ays-field input:checked+label.answered.correct:before {                background-color: #5d6cf9 !important;            }            \/* Go theme (Version: 1.4.3) | End *\/            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays_quiz_results fieldset.ays_fieldset .ays_quiz_question .wp-video {                width: 100% !important;                max-width: 100%;            }            \/* Classic Dark \/ Classic Light *\/            \/* Dropdown questions right\/wrong styles *\/            #ays-quiz-container-22.ays_quiz_classic_dark .correct_div,            #ays-quiz-container-22.ays_quiz_classic_light .correct_div{                border-color:green !important;                opacity: 1 !important;                background-color: rgba(39,174,96,0.4) !important;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22.ays_quiz_classic_dark .correct_div .selected-field,            #ays-quiz-container-22.ays_quiz_classic_light .correct_div .selected-field {                padding: 0px 10px 0px 10px;                color: green !important;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22.ays_quiz_classic_dark .wrong_div,            #ays-quiz-container-22.ays_quiz_classic_light .wrong_div{                border-color:red !important;                opacity: 1 !important;                background-color: rgba(243,134,129,0.4) !important;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22.ays_quiz_classic_dark .ays-field,            #ays-quiz-container-22.ays_quiz_classic_light .ays-field {                text-align: left;                \/*margin-bottom: 10px;*\/                padding: 0;                transition: .3s ease-in-out;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays-quiz-close-full-screen {                fill: #000000;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays-quiz-open-full-screen {                fill: #000000;            }            #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays_quiz_login_form p{                color: #000000;            }            @media screen and (max-width: 768px){                #ays-quiz-container-22{                    max-width: 100%;                }                #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays_quiz_question p {                    font-size: 16px;                }                #ays-quiz-container-22 .select2-container,                #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays-field * {                    font-size: 15px !important;                }                div#ays-quiz-container-22 input#ays-submit,                div#ays-quiz-container-22 #ays_finish_quiz_22 .action-button,                div#ays-quiz-container-22 #ays_finish_quiz_22 .action-button.ays_restart_button,                #ays-quiz-container-22 + .ays-quiz-category-selective-main-container .ays-quiz-category-selective-restart-bttn,                #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays-quiz-category-selective-submit-bttn {                    font-size: 18px;                }                \/* Quiz title \/ mobile font size *\/                div#ays-quiz-container-22 .ays-fs-title {                    font-size: 20px;                }                \/* Question explanation \/ mobile font size *\/                #ays-quiz-container-22 .ays_questtion_explanation p {                    font-size:16px;                }                \/* Wrong answers \/ mobile font size *\/                #ays-quiz-container-22 .wrong_answer_text p {                    font-size:16px;                }                \/* Right answers \/ mobile font size *\/       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B modul - 3. t\u00e9ma","description":"","quiz_image":"","quiz_category_id":"1","question_ids":"137,136,135,134","ordering":"22","quiz_url":"","published":"1","intervals":null,"quiz_animation_top":100,"quiz_enable_animation_top":"on"}';        <\/script>                    <input type='hidden' name='quiz_id' value='22'\/>                    <input type='hidden' name='start_date' class='ays-start-date'\/>                <\/form><\/div>                            <\/div>                            \n<h1><a id=\"topic2-4\"><\/a>5.2. J\u00f3 p\u00e9ld\u00e1n alapul\u00f3 tanul\u00e1s #2. A j\u00f3 gyakorlatok megoszt\u00e1sa<\/h1>\n<table style=\"font-weight: 400;\" data-tablestyle=\"MsoTableGrid\" data-tablelook=\"1184\" aria-rowcount=\"5\">\n<tbody>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"1\">\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Modul<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">B. Menedzsment<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"2\">\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">T\u00e9ma<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">5.2 J\u00f3 p\u00e9ld\u00e1n alapul\u00f3 tanul\u00e1s #2. A j\u00f3 gyakorlatok megoszt\u00e1sa<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"3\">\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">C\u00e9l<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Az 5.1. pont tartalma alapj\u00e1n p\u00e9ld\u00e1k bemutat\u00e1sa az \u00f6sszekapcsolt \u00e9s automatiz\u00e1lt v\u00e1rosi \u00e1rusz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1si megold\u00e1sok tesztel\u00e9s\u00e9b\u0151l \u00e9s megval\u00f3s\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1b\u00f3l<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A p\u00e9ld\u00e1k hat\u00e9konys\u00e1g\u00e1nak \u00e9s alkalmazhat\u00f3s\u00e1g\u00e1nak megvitat\u00e1sa<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"4\">\n<td colspan=\"2\" data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A k\u00e9pz\u00e9s eredm\u00e9nyei<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"5\">\n<td colspan=\"2\" data-celllook=\"0\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"2\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Az \u00f6sszekapcsolt \u00e9s automatiz\u00e1lt sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1si megold\u00e1sok bevezet\u00e9s\u00e9nek jelenlegi gyakorlat\u00e1nak \u00e9s projektjeinek kritikus elemz\u00e9se a fut\u00e1r-, postai- \u00e9s sz\u00e1ll\u00edtm\u00e1nyoz\u00e1si szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sok eset\u00e9ben<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"ead-preview\"><div class=\"ead-document\" style=\"position: relative;\"><iframe src=\"\/\/view.officeapps.live.com\/op\/embed.aspx?src=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.green-courier.eu%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F10%2FCGG_presentation_5.2-HU.pptx\" title=\"Embedded Document\" class=\"ead-iframe\" style=\"width: 100%;height: 80%;border: none;min-height: 500px;\"><\/iframe><\/div><p class=\"embed_download\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/CGG_presentation_5.2-HU.pptx\" download >let\u00f6lt\u00e9s [162.00 B] <\/a><\/p><\/div>\n<h2><a id=\"topic2-51\"><\/a>5.2.1. Bevezet\u00e9s<\/h2>\n<p>Az \u00f6nvezet\u0151 j\u00e1rm\u0171vek az elm\u00falt \u00e9vekben kiemelked\u0151 szerepet kaptak. Az \u00f6sszekapcsolt \u00e9s automatiz\u00e1lt k\u00f6zleked\u00e9si (CAT) technol\u00f3gi\u00e1k d\u00f6nt\u0151 szerepet j\u00e1tszanak a k\u00f6zleked\u00e9s hat\u00e9konys\u00e1g\u00e1nak \u00e9s biztons\u00e1g\u00e1nak n\u00f6vel\u00e9s\u00e9ben. El\u0151seg\u00edtik a forgalom z\u00f6kken\u0151mentesebb \u00e1raml\u00e1s\u00e1t, optimaliz\u00e1lj\u00e1k az infrastrukt\u00fara \u00e9s a t\u00f6megk\u00f6zleked\u00e9s haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1t, \u00e9s el\u0151seg\u00edtik a multimod\u00e1lis k\u00f6zleked\u00e9si megold\u00e1sokat. A k\u00f6zleked\u00e9si kutat\u00e1s \u00e9s innov\u00e1ci\u00f3 egyre ink\u00e1bb a CAT-technol\u00f3gi\u00e1kra \u00f6sszpontos\u00edt, mind a mag\u00e1nv\u00e1llalatokon bel\u00fcl, mind az \u00e1llami szf\u00e9r\u00e1ban. M\u00edg az \u00f6sszekapcsolhat\u00f3s\u00e1g \u00e9s az automatiz\u00e1l\u00e1s alacsonyabb szintjei m\u00e1r megval\u00f3sultak, a fejlettebb szintekhez tov\u00e1bbi tesztel\u00e9sre van sz\u00fcks\u00e9g. A CAT-technol\u00f3gi\u00e1k k\u00eds\u00e9rleti demonstr\u00e1ci\u00f3i folyamatban vannak, hangs\u00falyt fektetve a technol\u00f3giai felk\u00e9sz\u00fclts\u00e9gre, a megb\u00edzhat\u00f3s\u00e1gra \u00e9s a biztons\u00e1gra komplex k\u00f6zleked\u00e9si forgat\u00f3k\u00f6nyvekben. <strong>(Cikk: \u00d6sszekapcsolt \u00e9s automatiz\u00e1lt k\u00f6zleked\u00e9s: Kutat\u00e1si \u00e9s innov\u00e1ci\u00f3s kapacit\u00e1s Eur\u00f3p\u00e1ban, 2020. szeptember, szerz\u0151k: Konstantinos Gkoumas, Mitchell van Balen, Anastasios Tsakalidis, Pekar Ferenc).<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A CAT azonban minden k\u00f6zleked\u00e9si m\u00f3dot \u00e9rint\u0151 kih\u00edv\u00e1sokat is jelent. Ezek a kih\u00edv\u00e1sok magukban foglalj\u00e1k a hardver- \u00e9s szoftvertechnol\u00f3gi\u00e1k, a j\u00e1rm\u0171-infrastrukt\u00fara, az adatkommunik\u00e1ci\u00f3, a d\u00f6nt\u00e9shozatali szintek fejleszt\u00e9s\u00e9t, valamint ezen innov\u00e1ci\u00f3k \u00e9rv\u00e9nyes\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9t az egy\u00e9ni mobilit\u00e1si forgat\u00f3k\u00f6nyvek, a szem\u00e9lysz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s \u00e9s az \u00e1rusz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1si logisztika val\u00f3s k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyek k\u00f6z\u00f6tti tesztel\u00e9s\u00e9vel.<\/p>\n<p>A k\u00f6z\u00fati k\u00f6zleked\u00e9sben a j\u00e1rm\u0171vezet\u0151k, az utasok \u00e9s m\u00e1s k\u00f6zleked\u0151k automatiz\u00e1lt j\u00e1rm\u0171vekkel val\u00f3 interakci\u00f3j\u00e1nak meg\u00e9rt\u00e9se \u00e9s kezel\u00e9se kulcsfontoss\u00e1g\u00fa a tervez\u00e9si folyamat sor\u00e1n. Emellett a vas\u00fati j\u00e1rm\u0171vek \u00e9s az infrastrukt\u00fara hossz\u00fa \u00e9lettartama, a r\u00e9gi rendszerek v\u00e1ltozatoss\u00e1ga \u00e9s az eur\u00f3pai orsz\u00e1gok elt\u00e9r\u0151 \u00fczemeltet\u00e9si szab\u00e1lyai befoly\u00e1solhatj\u00e1k az \u00f6sszekapcsolt \u00e9s automatiz\u00e1lt rendszerek ki\u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9nek sebess\u00e9g\u00e9t.<\/p>\n<p>B\u00e1r az automatiz\u00e1lt, t\u00e1vvez\u00e9rl\u00e9s\u0171 technol\u00f3gi\u00e1k egyre sz\u00e9lesebb k\u00f6rben terjednek el a v\u00edzi sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sban, alkalmaz\u00e1suk els\u0151sorban a tesztel\u00e9sre \u00f6sszpontos\u00edt, \u00e9s csak korl\u00e1tozott m\u00e9rt\u00e9kben alkalmaznak ilyen technol\u00f3gi\u00e1kat a haj\u00f3sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s sor\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p>Strat\u00e9giai k\u00f6zleked\u00e9si kutat\u00e1si \u00e9s innov\u00e1ci\u00f3s terv (STRIA) 2019. \u00e9vi \u00f6sszekapcsolt \u00e9s automatiz\u00e1lt k\u00f6zleked\u00e9sre vonatkoz\u00f3 \u00fctemterve a 2017. \u00e9vi STRIA CAT-\u00fctemtervben felv\u00e1zolt kutat\u00e1si \u00e9s innov\u00e1ci\u00f3s kezdem\u00e9nyez\u00e9sekre \u00e9p\u00fcl, \u00e9s azokat b\u0151v\u00edti. Az eur\u00f3pai k\u00f6zleked\u00e9si \u00e1gazaton bel\u00fcl a CAT kih\u00edv\u00e1sainak \u00e9s hi\u00e1nyoss\u00e1gainak kezel\u00e9s\u00e9hez sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges int\u00e9zked\u00e9seket v\u00e1zolja fel. (<a href=\"https:\/\/trimis.ec.europa.eu\">https:\/\/trimis.ec.europa.eu<\/a>)<\/p>\n<h2><a id=\"topic2-52\"><\/a>5.2.2. Kulcsfontoss\u00e1g\u00fa kutat\u00e1si \u00e9s innov\u00e1ci\u00f3s utak<\/h2>\n<p>Az \u00f6sszekapcsolt \u00e9s automatiz\u00e1lt k\u00f6zleked\u00e9si (CAT) \u00fctemterv a technol\u00f3gi\u00e1k fejleszt\u00e9s\u00e9t \u00e9s gyors megval\u00f3s\u00edt\u00e1suk el\u0151seg\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9t c\u00e9lz\u00f3 strat\u00e9giai int\u00e9zked\u00e9sekre \u00f6sszpontos\u00edt. Biztos\u00edtja az eur\u00f3pai ipar versenyk\u00e9pess\u00e9g\u00e9t, \u00e9s \u00f6szt\u00f6nzi a potenci\u00e1lisan \u00e1talak\u00edt\u00f3 innov\u00e1ci\u00f3kat, amelyek \u00fajszer\u0171 k\u00f6zleked\u00e9si szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sokhoz vezethetnek. Ezenfel\u00fcl ez az \u00fctemterv hozz\u00e1j\u00e1rul az eur\u00f3pai k\u00f6zleked\u00e9si \u00e1gazat karbonmentes\u00edt\u00e9si c\u00e9ljaihoz, \u00e9s \u00f6sszhangban van az EU \u00e9ghajlat- \u00e9s energiapolitikai c\u00e9lkit\u0171z\u00e9seivel. Az \u00fctemterv konkr\u00e9t l\u00e9p\u00e9seket v\u00e1zol fel az eur\u00f3pai CAT-hoz kapcsol\u00f3d\u00f3 hi\u00e1nyoss\u00e1gok megsz\u00fcntet\u00e9s\u00e9re \u00e9s a lehet\u0151s\u00e9gek kiakn\u00e1z\u00e1s\u00e1ra. A k\u00f6z\u00fati, vas\u00fati \u00e9s v\u00edzi k\u00f6zleked\u00e9st figyelembe v\u00e9ve az egyes k\u00f6zleked\u00e9si m\u00f3dok elt\u00e9r\u0151 ter\u00fcleti jellemz\u0151kkel, technol\u00f3giai k\u00f6vetelm\u00e9nyekkel, fizikai infrastrukt\u00far\u00e1val, emberi interakci\u00f3kkal, valamint \u00fczleti \u00e9s jogi keretekkel rendelkeznek. <strong>(<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/trimis.ec.europa.eu\/\"><strong>https:\/\/trimis.ec.europa.eu\/<\/strong><\/a><strong>) <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Aktu\u00e1lis fejlem\u00e9nyek<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sz\u00e1mos szem\u00e9lyg\u00e9pkocsi- \u00e9s teherg\u00e9pkocsi-gy\u00e1rt\u00f3 fejleszt \u00e9s hoz forgalomba nagyobb fok\u00fa \u00f6nm\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151 k\u00e9pess\u00e9ggel rendelkez\u0151 j\u00e1rm\u0171veket. Egyre t\u00f6bb eur\u00f3pai aut\u00f3t szerelnek fel m\u00e1r r\u00e9szleges automatiz\u00e1l\u00e1si technol\u00f3gi\u00e1val, \u00e9s a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 l\u00e9p\u00e9s az olyan j\u00e1rm\u0171vek bevezet\u00e9se, amelyekn\u00e9l a vezet\u0151 d\u00f6nthet, hogy vezet-e vagy sem.<\/li>\n<li>Az automatiz\u00e1lt teheraut\u00f3kat \u00e9s a teheraut\u00f3k szakaszol\u00e1s\u00e1t m\u00e1r tesztelik az eur\u00f3pai aut\u00f3p\u00e1ly\u00e1kon. Felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3bar\u00e1t automatiz\u00e1lt t\u00f6megk\u00f6zleked\u00e9si koncepci\u00f3kat mutattak be. A kapcsol\u00f3d\u00e1s lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi \u00e9s tov\u00e1bb fogja b\u0151v\u00edteni az automatiz\u00e1lt j\u00e1rm\u0171vek teljes\u00edtm\u00e9ny\u00e9t az\u00e1ltal, hogy el\u00e9rhet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi az inform\u00e1ci\u00f3k \u00e9s a nagym\u00e9ret\u0171 adatok eloszt\u00e1s\u00e1t.<\/li>\n<li>A CAT-technol\u00f3gi\u00e1k m\u00e1r be\u00e9p\u00fcltek a vas\u00fati k\u00f6zleked\u00e9sbe, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a metr\u00f3rendszerekbe, egyes v\u00e1rosokban pedig automatiz\u00e1lt, vezet\u0151 n\u00e9lk\u00fcli vas\u00fati rendszerek is megtal\u00e1lhat\u00f3k. A diverzifik\u00e1lt eur\u00f3pai vas\u00fati \u00e1gazat miatt azonban a CAT-technol\u00f3gi\u00e1k bevezet\u00e9se lass\u00fa \u00e9s cs\u00f6kkenti a versenyk\u00e9pess\u00e9get. A strat\u00e9giai vas\u00fati kutat\u00e1si \u00e9s innov\u00e1ci\u00f3s menetrend \u00e9s a kapcsol\u00f3d\u00f3, a k\u00f6t\u00f6ttp\u00e1ly\u00e1s rendszerek k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 r\u00e9szeire vonatkoz\u00f3 \u00fctemtervek, valamint a Shift2Rail kezdem\u00e9nyez\u00e9s t\u00f6bb\u00e9ves cselekv\u00e9si terve az automatiz\u00e1l\u00e1s \u00e9s az \u00f6sszekapcsolhat\u00f3s\u00e1g sz\u00e1mos aspektus\u00e1val foglalkozik.<\/li>\n<li>A haj\u00f3k automatiz\u00e1l\u00e1sa m\u00e1r igen fejlett, a legt\u00f6bb modern haj\u00f3t olyan rendszerekkel szerelt\u00e9k fel, mint a c\u00e9lfelder\u00edt\u0151 radarok, az autopil\u00f3t\u00e1k \u00e9s a m\u0171holdas helymeghat\u00e1roz\u00e1st haszn\u00e1l\u00f3 nyomk\u00f6vet\u0151 pil\u00f3t\u00e1k. N\u00e9h\u00e1ny auton\u00f3m haj\u00f3 bemutat\u00e1s\u00e1ra m\u00e1r sor ker\u00fclt, de a technol\u00f3gia m\u00e9g mindig alacsony k\u00e9sz\u00fclts\u00e9gi szinten van. A biztons\u00e1g az egyik f\u0151 ter\u00fclet, ahol az automatiz\u00e1l\u00e1st\u00f3l javul\u00e1st v\u00e1rnak, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul az emberi t\u00e9nyez\u0151 tov\u00e1bbi kezel\u00e9s\u00e9t. A jobb adatintegr\u00e1ci\u00f3 \u00e9s a jobb nyomon k\u00f6vet\u00e9s lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi, hogy a CAT hozz\u00e1j\u00e1ruljon a versenyk\u00e9pes eur\u00f3pai haj\u00f3z\u00e1si \u00e1gazathoz \u00e9s jav\u00edtsa a k\u00f6zleked\u00e9si rendszerek biztons\u00e1g\u00e1t. A digit\u00e1lis \u00f6sszekapcsolhat\u00f3s\u00e1g azonban el\u0151felt\u00e9tele a tov\u00e1bbi fejleszt\u00e9seknek a kapacit\u00e1s \u00e9s a lefedetts\u00e9g n\u00f6vel\u00e9se \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben. (<a href=\"https:\/\/trimis.ec.europa.eu\/\">https:\/\/trimis.ec.europa.eu\/<\/a>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"topic2-53\"><\/a>5.2.3. Val\u00f3s p\u00e9ld\u00e1k<\/h2>\n<p><strong>P\u00e9ld\u00e1k az automatiz\u00e1lt v\u00e1rosi \u00e1rusz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1si megold\u00e1sokra<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ezen innov\u00e1ci\u00f3k c\u00e9lja a hat\u00e9konys\u00e1g n\u00f6vel\u00e9se, a dug\u00f3k cs\u00f6kkent\u00e9se \u00e9s az utols\u00f3 kilom\u00e9teres sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1si szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sok jav\u00edt\u00e1sa a v\u00e1rosi ter\u00fcleteken.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Automatiz\u00e1lt k\u00e9zbes\u00edt\u0151 j\u00e1rm\u0171vek<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ezek a j\u00e1rm\u0171vek k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt m\u0171k\u00f6dnek, bele\u00e9rtve a j\u00e1rd\u00e1kat, mag\u00e1nutakat \u00e9s k\u00f6zutakat. K\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 c\u00e9lokat szolg\u00e1lnak, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul h\u00e1zhozsz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s, mobil rakt\u00e1rhelyis\u00e9gek \u00e9s v\u00e1ndorl\u00f3 kiskereskedelmi \u00fczletek. Automatiz\u00e1l\u00e1sukat alaptechnol\u00f3gi\u00e1k teszik lehet\u0151v\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>(<a href=\"https:\/\/transportgeography.org\/contents\/geography-city-logistics\/autonomous-vehicles-urban-deliveries\/\">https:\/\/transportgeography.org\/contents\/geography-city-logistics\/autonomous-vehicles-urban-deliveries\/<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p><strong>A v\u00e1rosi k\u00e9zbes\u00edt\u00e9sek automatiz\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1nak csoportos\u00edt\u00e1sa:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><u>Dr\u00f3nok<\/u><\/strong>: A v\u00e1rosi k\u00e9zbes\u00edt\u00e9shez is haszn\u00e1lnak l\u00e9gi dr\u00f3nokat, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen a forgalmi dug\u00f3kkal vagy neh\u00e9z terepviszonyokkal rendelkez\u0151 ter\u00fcleteken.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A DHL EXPRESS ELIND\u00cdTJA ELS\u0150 RENDSZERES, TELJESEN AUTOMATIZ\u00c1LT \u00c9S INTELLIGENS V\u00c1ROSI DR\u00d3NK\u00c9ZBES\u00cdT\u0150 SZOLG\u00c1LTAT\u00c1S\u00c1T<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A DHL Express \u00e9s az Ehang strat\u00e9giai partners\u00e9get k\u00f6t\u00f6tt K\u00edn\u00e1ban, hogy az intelligens logisztika ter\u00fclet\u00e9n jelent\u0151s innov\u00e1ci\u00f3t val\u00f3s\u00edtsanak meg<\/li>\n<li>A megold\u00e1s teljesen auton\u00f3m fel- \u00e9s lerakod\u00e1st foglal mag\u00e1ban, \u00e9s kevesebb energiafogyaszt\u00e1s mellett n\u00f6veli a hat\u00e9konys\u00e1got \u00e9s a k\u00f6lts\u00e9ghat\u00e9konys\u00e1got.<\/li>\n<li>A v\u00e1llalatok tervezik az intelligens dr\u00f3nos k\u00e9zbes\u00edt\u00e9si megold\u00e1sok tov\u00e1bbi fejleszt\u00e9s\u00e9t \u00e9s korszer\u0171s\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9t az utols\u00f3 kilom\u00e9teres sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1shoz.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>A DHL Express, a vil\u00e1g vezet\u0151 nemzetk\u00f6zi expressz k\u00e9zbes\u00edt\u00e9si szolg\u00e1ltat\u00f3ja \u00e9s a vil\u00e1g vezet\u0151 intelligens auton\u00f3m l\u00e9gi j\u00e1rm\u0171vekkel foglalkoz\u00f3 EHang strat\u00e9giai partners\u00e9get k\u00f6t\u00f6tt, hogy k\u00f6z\u00f6sen ind\u00edtsanak el egy teljesen automatiz\u00e1lt \u00e9s intelligens dr\u00f3nos k\u00e9zbes\u00edt\u00e9si megold\u00e1st, amely a k\u00ednai v\u00e1rosi ter\u00fcleteken, az utols\u00f3 kilom\u00e9teren t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 k\u00e9zbes\u00edt\u00e9s kih\u00edv\u00e1sainak megold\u00e1s\u00e1ra szolg\u00e1l.<\/p>\n<p>A nemr\u00e9giben testre szabott \u00fatvonal, amelyet kiz\u00e1r\u00f3lag a DHL egyik \u00fcgyfele sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra terveztek, k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl nyolc kilom\u00e9tert tesz meg az \u00fcgyf\u00e9l telephelye \u00e9s a DHL Liaobuban (Dongguan, Guangdong tartom\u00e1ny) tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 szolg\u00e1ltat\u00f3k\u00f6zpontja k\u00f6z\u00f6tt. Az EHang \u00fajonnan bevezetett Falcon sorozat\u00fa, legmodernebb pil\u00f3ta n\u00e9lk\u00fcli l\u00e9gi j\u00e1rm\u0171v\u00e9t (UAV) haszn\u00e1lva ez az intelligens dr\u00f3nos k\u00e9zbes\u00edt\u00e9si megold\u00e1s fel\u00fclm\u00falja az \u00f6sszetett \u00fatviszonyok \u00e9s a v\u00e1rosi forgalmi dug\u00f3k jelentette kih\u00edv\u00e1sokat. Nevezetesen, jelent\u0151sen cs\u00f6kkenti az egyir\u00e1ny\u00fa sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1si id\u0151t 40 percr\u0151l mind\u00f6ssze nyolc percre, ami sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sonk\u00e9nt ak\u00e1r 80%-os k\u00f6lts\u00e9gmegtakar\u00edt\u00e1st eredm\u00e9nyez. Emellett a hagyom\u00e1nyos k\u00f6z\u00fati sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1shoz k\u00e9pest cs\u00f6kkentett energiafogyaszt\u00e1ssal \u00e9s kisebb karbonl\u00e1bnyommal b\u00fcszk\u00e9lkedhet.<\/p>\n<p>Az EHang Falcon intelligens dr\u00f3n, amely n\u00e9gy karon nyolc l\u00e9gcsavarral van felszerelve, t\u00f6bb redund\u00e1ns rendszert tartalmaz a teljes biztons\u00e1gi ment\u00e9s \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben, valamint intelligens \u00e9s biztons\u00e1gos rep\u00fcl\u00e9svez\u00e9rl\u0151 modulokkal rendelkezik. Nagy teljes\u00edtm\u00e9ny\u0171 k\u00e9pess\u00e9gei k\u00f6z\u00e9 tartozik a f\u00fcgg\u0151leges fel- \u00e9s lesz\u00e1ll\u00e1s, a pontos GPS- \u00e9s vizu\u00e1lis azonos\u00edt\u00e1s, az intelligens rep\u00fcl\u00e9si \u00fatvonaltervez\u00e9s, valamint a teljesen automatiz\u00e1lt rep\u00fcl\u00e9s val\u00f3s idej\u0171 h\u00e1l\u00f3zati kapcsolattal \u00e9s \u00fctemez\u00e9ssel. Ezek a dr\u00f3nok, amelyek rep\u00fcl\u00e9senk\u00e9nt ak\u00e1r 5 kilogrammnyi rakom\u00e1nyt is k\u00e9pesek sz\u00e1ll\u00edtani, speci\u00e1lisan erre a c\u00e9lra tervezett intelligens kabinokra sz\u00e1llnak fel \u00e9s le, amelyek megk\u00f6nny\u00edtik a sz\u00e1ll\u00edtm\u00e1nyok teljesen auton\u00f3m be- \u00e9s kirakod\u00e1s\u00e1t. Ezek a kabinok z\u00f6kken\u0151mentesen integr\u00e1l\u00f3dnak az olyan automatiz\u00e1lt folyamatokba, mint a szort\u00edroz\u00e1s, a szkennel\u00e9s \u00e9s az expressz postai k\u00fcldem\u00e9nyek t\u00e1rol\u00e1sa, s\u0151t, olyan fejlett funkci\u00f3kkal is rendelkeznek, mint az arcfelismer\u00e9s \u00e9s a szem\u00e9lyi igazolv\u00e1nyok beolvas\u00e1sa.<\/p>\n<p>Ez az innovat\u00edv intelligens dr\u00f3nos k\u00e9zbes\u00edt\u00e9si megold\u00e1s nemcsak a DHL k\u00e9zbes\u00edt\u00e9si k\u00e9pess\u00e9geit n\u00f6veli, hanem forradalmas\u00edtja a logisztikai \u00e1gazatban az \u00fcgyf\u00e9l\u00e9lm\u00e9nyt is. \u00daj utakat nyit a fenntarthat\u00f3 n\u00f6veked\u00e9s el\u0151tt, \u00e9s jelent\u0151sen hozz\u00e1j\u00e1rul a gazdas\u00e1ghoz. Tekintettel a B2C \u00fczleti tev\u00e9kenys\u00e9gek \u00e9s a k\u00e9zbes\u00edt\u00e9si szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sok n\u00f6vekv\u0151 jelent\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9re K\u00edn\u00e1ban, a dr\u00f3nok expressz k\u00e9zbes\u00edt\u00e9sre val\u00f3 felhaszn\u00e1l\u00e1sa \u00f6tletes megold\u00e1st k\u00edn\u00e1l az id\u0151\u00e9rz\u00e9keny k\u00e9zbes\u00edt\u00e9sek ir\u00e1nti n\u00f6vekv\u0151 ig\u00e9ny kiel\u00e9g\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9re, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen a v\u00e1rosi ter\u00fcleteken az utols\u00f3 kilom\u00e9terre t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 k\u00e9zbes\u00edt\u00e9sre.<\/p>\n<p>Az els\u0151 teljesen automatiz\u00e1lt, intelligens dr\u00f3nos k\u00e9zbes\u00edt\u00e9si megold\u00e1s sikeres k\u00ednai bevezet\u00e9s\u00e9re \u00e9p\u00edtve a DHL tov\u00e1bbra is elk\u00f6telezett az \u00faj \u00fatvonalak azonos\u00edt\u00e1sa ir\u00e1nt, amelyek a szem\u00e9lyre szabott \u00fcgyf\u00e9lszolg\u00e1latokat \u00e9s logisztikai megold\u00e1sokat keres\u0151 \u00fcgyfeleket szolg\u00e1lj\u00e1k ki. Az EHanggal szorosan egy\u00fcttm\u0171k\u00f6dve a DHL a k\u00f6zelj\u00f6v\u0151ben a dr\u00f3nok m\u00e1sodik gener\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1t k\u00edv\u00e1nja kifejleszteni, tov\u00e1bb n\u00f6velve a dr\u00f3nokkal v\u00e9gzett expressz k\u00e9zbes\u00edt\u00e9s kapacit\u00e1s\u00e1t \u00e9s hat\u00f3t\u00e1vols\u00e1g\u00e1t. (Sajt\u00f3k\u00f6zlem\u00e9ny: Bonn\/Guangzhou (K\u00edna), 05\/16\/2019, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dhl.com\/\">https:\/\/www.dhl.com\/<\/a>)<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2348\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2348\" style=\"width: 554px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2348 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/cgg-40.jpg\" alt=\"DHL delivery drone\" width=\"554\" height=\"312\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/cgg-40.jpg 554w, https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/cgg-40-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 554px) 100vw, 554px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2348\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">(https:\/\/www.bing.com\/)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>AMAZON DR\u00d3NOK A V\u00c1ROSI SZ\u00c1LL\u00cdT\u00c1SOKHOZ<\/h2>\n<p>Az Amazon Prime Air szorgalmasan dolgozik a dr\u00f3nos kisz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sok megval\u00f3s\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1n. A kih\u00edv\u00e1s abban rejlik, hogy az \u00e1rukat gyorsan, k\u00f6lts\u00e9ghat\u00e9konyan, \u00e9s ami a legfontosabb, biztons\u00e1gosan, kevesebb, mint egy \u00f3ra alatt eljuttass\u00e1k a v\u00e1s\u00e1rl\u00f3khoz. Leg\u00fajabb dr\u00f3ntervez\u00e9s\u00fck, az MK27-2 jelent\u0151s l\u00e9p\u00e9st jelent e c\u00e9l el\u00e9r\u00e9se fel\u00e9.<br \/>\nAz MK27-2 hatsz\u00f6glet\u0171 kialak\u00edt\u00e1ssal rendelkezik, amely hat szabads\u00e1gi fokot biztos\u00edt a rep\u00fcl\u00e9s k\u00f6zbeni stabilit\u00e1s \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben. Emellett a propellereit apr\u00f3l\u00e9kosan \u00fagy alak\u00edtott\u00e1k ki, hogy minimaliz\u00e1lj\u00e1k a magas frekvenci\u00e1j\u00fa hanghull\u00e1mokat, ami csendesebb m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9st eredm\u00e9nyez.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2349\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2349\" style=\"width: 831px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2349 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/cgg41.jpg\" alt=\"Amazon Drone\" width=\"831\" height=\"468\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/cgg41.jpg 831w, https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/cgg41-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/cgg41-768x433.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 831px) 100vw, 831px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2349\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">MK27-2 the latest design. Its unique hexagonal design provides six degrees of freedom for stability. The propellers have been specifically designed to minimize high-frequency soundwaves. (Amazon Prime Air prepares for drone deliveries (aboutamazon.com)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong><u>J\u00e1rd\u00e1n k\u00f6zleked\u0151 robotok<\/u><\/strong>: Ezek az \u00f6nm\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151 robotok a j\u00e1rd\u00e1kon m\u0171k\u00f6dnek, \u00e9s az utols\u00f3 kilom\u00e9terre t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 kisz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sra tervezt\u00e9k \u0151ket.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Robotok sz\u00e1ll\u00edtanak a Missouri \u00c1llami Egyetemen<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A Missouri \u00c1llami Egyetem kampusz\u00e1n m\u00e1r \u00f6nm\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151 robotok ny\u00fajtanak \u00e9telkisz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1si szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sokat. Ez a h\u00fasz \u00f6nm\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151 robot, amelyet a Chartwells Higher Education c\u00e9ggel egy\u00fcttm\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9sben ind\u00edtottak \u00fatj\u00e1ra, k\u00e9pes \u00e9teleket \u00e9s italokat sz\u00e1ll\u00edtani a campus k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 \u00e9tkezd\u00e9ib\u0151l, k\u00f6zt\u00fck az Einstein Bros. Bagels, a Subway, a Panda Express \u00e9s a Market Cafe 1905 \u00e9ttermekb\u0151l a f\u0151 kampusz b\u00e1rmely pontj\u00e1ra. A felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3k egyszer\u0171en leadj\u00e1k rendel\u00e9seiket egy alkalmaz\u00e1son kereszt\u00fcl, \u00e9s jelzik, hogy hova szeretn\u00e9k, hogy a kisz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1st k\u00fcldj\u00e9k. A robot meg\u00e9rkez\u00e9sekor a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3k \u00e9rtes\u00edt\u00e9st kapnak, tal\u00e1lkoznak a robottal, \u00e9s az alkalmaz\u00e1son kereszt\u00fcl kinyitj\u00e1k azt. A kisz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1si folyamat \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban csak n\u00e9h\u00e1ny percet vesz ig\u00e9nybe, a megrendelt men\u00fcpontokt\u00f3l \u00e9s a robot \u00e1ltal megtett t\u00e1vols\u00e1gt\u00f3l f\u00fcgg\u0151en.<\/p>\n<p>A k\u00f6zelj\u00f6v\u0151ben ez a szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1s integr\u00e1lhat\u00f3 lesz a di\u00e1kok \u00e9tkez\u00e9si terv\u00e9nek \u00e9tkez\u00e9si d\u00edjaival is. Ezek az \u00f6nm\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151 robotok m\u00e1r m\u0171k\u00f6dnek az orsz\u00e1g egyetemein, t\u00f6bbek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt a Bowling Green State University, a University of Houston, a University of Utah \u00e9s a University of Idaho egyetemeken. Az indul\u00e1s \u00f3ta valamennyi egyetemen b\u0151v\u00edtett\u00e9k a robotok sz\u00e1m\u00e1t, az \u00e9tkez\u00e9si v\u00e1laszt\u00e9kot \u00e9s a m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9si id\u0151t, hogy megfeleljenek az innovat\u00edv \u00e9telkisz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1si megold\u00e1s ir\u00e1nti n\u00f6vekv\u0151 keresletnek.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2350\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2350\" style=\"width: 563px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2350 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/cgg42.png\" alt=\"Robot Delivery\" width=\"563\" height=\"389\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/cgg42.png 563w, https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/cgg42-300x207.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 563px) 100vw, 563px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2350\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">(C\u00e9gh\u00edrek, FER Edit, 2022, Szeptember 15, https:\/\/www.fermag.com\/articles\/robots-now-delivering-at-missouri-state-university\/) (https:\/\/www.bing.com\/)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong><u>K\u00f6z\u00fati robotok<\/u><\/strong>: Ezek a j\u00e1rm\u0171vek a k\u00f6z\u00fati infrastrukt\u00far\u00e1t haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k \u00e9s k\u00e9pesek az utc\u00e1kon k\u00f6zlekedni.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A Highways England egy \u00f6nm\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151 ROBOT-ot haszn\u00e1l a feh\u00e9r s\u00e1vok felfest\u00e9s\u00e9re.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A Highways England innovat\u00edv megold\u00e1st vezetett be az \u00fat\u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9si munk\u00e1latok felgyors\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra: egy \u00f6nm\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151 robotot, amelyet kifejezetten a vonalak felfest\u00e9s\u00e9re terveztek. A hagyom\u00e1nyos m\u00f3dszerrel ellent\u00e9tben, amelyhez k\u00e9t embernek egy eg\u00e9sz h\u00e9tre lenne sz\u00fcks\u00e9ge, ez az id\u0151takar\u00e9kos robot mind\u00f6ssze n\u00e9gy \u00f3ra alatt k\u00e9pes felfesteni egy \u00fatszakaszt. A WJ v\u00e1llalkoz\u00f3 \u00e1ltal kifejlesztett robotikus el\u0151megjel\u00f6l\u0151 pontos pozicion\u00e1l\u00e1si technol\u00f3gi\u00e1t haszn\u00e1l annak azonos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra, hogy hol kell feh\u00e9r s\u00e1vokat festeni. Nemr\u00e9giben Staffordshire-ben az M6-os aut\u00f3p\u00e1lya egy nyolc m\u00e9rf\u00f6ldes szakasz\u00e1t jel\u00f6lte meg sikeresen, rendk\u00edv\u00fcl r\u00f6vid id\u0151 alatt. A robot hat\u00e9konys\u00e1ga egyre n\u00e9pszer\u0171bb a Highways England v\u00e1llalkoz\u00f3i k\u00f6r\u00e9ben, mivel m\u00e1s nagy \u00fatvonalakon is bevetett\u00e9k, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul az A14 Cambridge \u00e9s Huntingdon, az M4, az M1 \u00e9s az M60 k\u00f6z\u00f6tti szakaszon.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2351\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2351\" style=\"width: 554px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2351 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/cgg43.jpg\" alt=\"Robot Delivery\" width=\"554\" height=\"311\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/cgg43.jpg 554w, https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/cgg43-300x168.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 554px) 100vw, 554px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2351\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Richard Aucock, 2020, Janu\u00e1r 2, Highways England is using an autonomous ROBOT to paint white lines (https:\/\/www.motoringresearch.com\/) (https:\/\/www.bing.com\/)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><a id=\"topic2-54\"><\/a>Hivatkoz\u00e1sok<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e9gh\u00edrek, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fermag.com\/articles\/author\/fer-staff\/\">FER Edit<\/a>, 2022, Szeptember 15, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fermag.com\/articles\/robots-now-delivering-at-missouri-state-university\">https:\/\/www.fermag.com\/articles\/robots-now-delivering-at-missouri-state-university<\/a><\/p>\n<p>International Journal of Production Research, 59. k\u00f6tet, 2021. \u00e9vfolyam, 7. sz\u00e1m <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/00207543.2021.1893970\">https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/00207543.2021.1893970<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Rendszerbe kapcsolt \u00e9s automatiz\u00e1lt k\u00f6zleked\u00e9s (Cikk): Kutat\u00e1si \u00e9s innov\u00e1ci\u00f3s kapacit\u00e1s Eur\u00f3p\u00e1ban, 2020. szeptember, szerz\u0151k: Konstantinos Gkoumas, Mitchell van Balen, Anastasios Tsakalidis, Pekar Ferenc<\/p>\n<p>Richard Aucock, 2020, Janu\u00e1r 2, Highways England egy \u00f6nm\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151 robotot haszn\u00e1l a feh\u00e9r s\u00e1vok felfest\u00e9s\u00e9re (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.motoringresearch.com\/\">https:\/\/www.motoringresearch.com\/<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p>Sajt\u00f3k\u00f6zlem\u00e9ny: Bonn\/Guangzhou (K\u00edna), 05\/16\/2019, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dhl.com\">https:\/\/www.dhl.com<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aboutamazon.com\/news\/transportation\/amazon-prime-air-prepares-for-drone-deliveries\">https:\/\/www.aboutamazon.com\/news\/transportation\/amazon-prime-air-prepares-for-drone-deliveries<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/transportgeography.org\/contents\/geography-city-logistics\/autonomous-vehicles-urban-deliveries\">https:\/\/transportgeography.org\/contents\/geography-city-logistics\/autonomous-vehicles-urban-deliveries<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/trimis.ec.europa.eu\">https:\/\/trimis.ec.europa.eu<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Gratul\u00e1lunk a CGG tanfolyam B. modulj\u00e1nak elv\u00e9gz\u00e9s\u00e9hez. 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Menedzsment\u00a0 T\u00e9ma\u00a0 4.1 \u00daj Mobilit\u00e1si Szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sok: Megold\u00e1sok \u00e9s \u00fczleti modellek a v\u00e1rosi k\u00f6zleked\u00e9sben\u00a0 C\u00e9l\u00a0 A v\u00e1rosi k\u00f6zleked\u00e9s \u00e9s az \u00faj mobilit\u00e1si szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sok (NewMobility Services, NMS) z\u00f6ld \u00e1t\u00e1ll\u00e1s\u00e1nak innovat\u00edv megk\u00f6zel\u00edt\u00e9seinek bemutat\u00e1sa\u00a0 A v\u00e1rosi \u00e1rusz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s \u00e9s az utols\u00f3 kilom\u00e9terre t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 kisz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sok NMS-einek megval\u00f3s\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t szolg\u00e1l\u00f3, kialakul\u00f3ban l\u00e9v\u0151 ir\u00e1ny\u00edt\u00e1si rendszerek \u00e9s \u00fczleti modellek elemz\u00e9se\u00a0 A k\u00e9pz\u00e9s eredm\u00e9nyei\u00a0 Naprak\u00e9sz ismeretek a v\u00e1rosi mobilit\u00e1s \u00e9s k\u00f6zleked\u00e9s jelenlegi \u00fczleti megk\u00f6zel\u00edt\u00e9seir\u0151l\u00a0 Az NMS szerep\u00e9nek \u00e9s potenci\u00e1lj\u00e1nak m\u00e9lyrehat\u00f3 ismerete a k\u00f6rnyezetbar\u00e1t \u00e9s hat\u00e9kony fut\u00e1r-, postai- \u00e9s sz\u00e1ll\u00edtm\u00e1nyoz\u00e1si szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sok ter\u00e9n\u00a0 Ellen\u0151rizze tud\u00e1s\u00e1t 4.2. J\u00f3 p\u00e9ld\u00e1n alapul\u00f3 tanul\u00e1s #1. A j\u00f3 gyakorlatok megoszt\u00e1sa Modul\u00a0 B. Menedzsment\u00a0 T\u00e9ma\u00a0 4.2 J\u00f3 p\u00e9ld\u00e1n alapul\u00f3 tanul\u00e1s #1. A j\u00f3 gyakorlatok megoszt\u00e1sa\u00a0 C\u00e9l\u00a0 A 4.1. pont tartalma alapj\u00e1n p\u00e9ld\u00e1k bemutat\u00e1sa az NMS-alap\u00fa \u00fczleti modellek megval\u00f3s\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1b\u00f3l a v\u00e1rosi \u00e1rufuvaroz\u00e1sban \u00e9s a v\u00e1rosi logisztik\u00e1ban, valamint a v\u00e1rosi \u00e1ru- \u00e9s szem\u00e9lysz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s integr\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1b\u00f3l\u00a0 A p\u00e9ld\u00e1k hat\u00e9konys\u00e1g\u00e1nak \u00e9s alkalmazhat\u00f3s\u00e1g\u00e1nak megvitat\u00e1sa\u00a0 A k\u00e9pz\u00e9s eredm\u00e9nyei\u00a0 A fut\u00e1r-, postai- \u00e9s sz\u00e1ll\u00edtm\u00e1nyoz\u00e1si szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sok NMS fejleszt\u00e9s\u00e9nek jelenlegi gyakorlat\u00e1nak \u00e9s projektjeinek kritikus elemz\u00e9se\u00a0\u00a0 4.2.1. Bevezet\u00e9s A fejl\u0151d\u0151 orsz\u00e1gokban a v\u00e1rosi \u00e1rusz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s nagym\u00e9rt\u00e9kben a k\u00f6z\u00fati j\u00e1rm\u0171vekre hagyatkozik, ami gyakori forgalmi dug\u00f3khoz, nem megfelel\u0151 parkol\u00e1si lehet\u0151s\u00e9ghez, valamint nem megfelel\u0151 be- \u00e9s kirakod\u00f3helyekhez vezet, ami mind akad\u00e1lyozza a hat\u00e9konys\u00e1got. A vil\u00e1gszerte fenntarthat\u00f3 strat\u00e9giak\u00e9nt t\u00e1mogatott, k\u00f6rnyezetbar\u00e1t m\u00f3dokon t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 v\u00e1rosi \u00e1rusz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s jelent\u0151s lehet\u0151s\u00e9geket rejt mag\u00e1ban a jelenlegi \u00e1rusz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1si gyakorlatb\u00f3l ered\u0151 dug\u00f3k \u00e9s k\u00f6rnyezetszennyez\u00e9s enyh\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9re (Singh &amp; Gupta, 2020). A Transport Decarbonization Alliance 15 k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 kih\u00edv\u00e1st v\u00e1zol fel a z\u00e9r\u00f3 kibocs\u00e1t\u00e1s\u00fa v\u00e1rosi \u00e1rusz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s megval\u00f3s\u00edt\u00e1sa \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben, \u00e9s mindegyik kih\u00edv\u00e1s megold\u00e1s\u00e1ra k\u00e9t vagy t\u00f6bb javaslatot tesz. M\u00edg n\u00e9h\u00e1ny megold\u00e1s a technol\u00f3giai fejleszt\u00e9sekre \u00f6sszpontos\u00edt, mint p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul az akkumul\u00e1toros elektromos j\u00e1rm\u0171vek beszerz\u00e9se, haszn\u00e1lata \u00e9s felt\u00f6lt\u00e9se, a t\u00f6bbs\u00e9g a szerkezeti akad\u00e1lyok \u00e9s a magatart\u00e1si gyakorlatok orvosl\u00e1s\u00e1ra ir\u00e1nyul. Hasonl\u00f3k\u00e9ppen Maxner, Dalla Chiara \u00e9s Goodchild (2022) a v\u00e1rosi \u00e1rusz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sra vonatkoz\u00f3 k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 dekarboniz\u00e1ci\u00f3s strat\u00e9gi\u00e1kat h\u00e1rom csoportba sorolja: j\u00e1rm\u0171technol\u00f3gia \u00fczemeltet\u00e9si strat\u00e9gi\u00e1k \u00e9s v\u00e1rosi korm\u00e1nyzati beavatkoz\u00e1sok A Vil\u00e1ggazdas\u00e1gi F\u00f3rum emellett \u00e1tfog\u00f3 \u00e1ttekint\u00e9st ny\u00fajt 24 kiemelt beavatkoz\u00e1sr\u00f3l, amelyek c\u00e9lja az utols\u00f3 kilom\u00e9teres sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1si \u00f6kosziszt\u00e9ma \u00e1talak\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1nak megk\u00f6nny\u00edt\u00e9se. Ezek a beavatkoz\u00e1sok olyan szempontokat foglalnak magukban, mint a j\u00e1rm\u0171vek \u00e1talak\u00edt\u00e1sa, a biztons\u00e1gos sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1si m\u00f3dszerek, az \u00fcgyfelek mozgat\u00e1sa, a konszolid\u00e1ci\u00f3s er\u0151fesz\u00edt\u00e9sek, az utols\u00f3 szakasz kiigaz\u00edt\u00e1sa \u00e9s a sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1si k\u00f6rnyezet jav\u00edt\u00e1sa. Ezek a kiadv\u00e1nyok egy\u00fcttesen bemutatj\u00e1k a v\u00e1rosi \u00e1rusz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sban a fenntarthat\u00f3s\u00e1gi \u00e1tmenetet el\u0151seg\u00edt\u0151 megk\u00f6zel\u00edt\u00e9sek soksz\u00edn\u0171s\u00e9g\u00e9t, \u00e9s sz\u00e1mos p\u00e9ld\u00e1t szolg\u00e1ltatnak mind a technol\u00f3giai \u00faj\u00edt\u00e1sokra, mind a viselked\u00e9sbeli v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sokra (Ystmark Bjerkan &amp; Babri, 2024). A technol\u00f3giai v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sok els\u0151sorban azt jelentik, hogy az egyik technol\u00f3gi\u00e1t egy m\u00e1sikra cser\u00e9lik. A v\u00e1rosi \u00e1rusz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s ter\u00fclet\u00e9n ez azt jelentheti, hogy a fosszilis \u00fczemanyaggal m\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151 furgonokat \u00e9s teheraut\u00f3kat elektromos j\u00e1rm\u0171vekkel, alternat\u00edv \u00fczemanyaggal m\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151 j\u00e1rm\u0171vekkel, Euro6-os j\u00e1rm\u0171vekkel vagy cargobiciklikkel helyettes\u00edtik. A kor\u00e1bbi kutat\u00e1sok sz\u00e9les k\u00f6rben vizsg\u00e1lt\u00e1k a v\u00e1rosi \u00e1rusz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s \u00faj technol\u00f3gi\u00e1it \u00e9s j\u00e1rm\u0171veit. Az elektromos ker\u00e9kp\u00e1rokat a j\u00e1rm\u0171vek helyettes\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9re javasolt\u00e1k, amennyiben a sebess\u00e9g- \u00e9s kapacit\u00e1skorl\u00e1toz\u00e1sok szempontj\u00e1b\u00f3l megval\u00f3s\u00edthat\u00f3 (Bosona, 2020). B\u00e1r a dr\u00f3nok \u00e1rusz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sra val\u00f3 felhaszn\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1t els\u0151sorban vid\u00e9ki ter\u00fcleteken vizsg\u00e1lt\u00e1k, a dr\u00f3nalap\u00fa sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sban, v\u00e1rosi k\u00f6rnyezetben is van potenci\u00e1l. Az oper\u00e1ci\u00f3menedzsment, az ell\u00e1t\u00e1si l\u00e1ncok menedzsmentje \u00e9s az ipari m\u00e9rn\u00f6ki tudom\u00e1nyok kutat\u00e1sai els\u0151sorban az operat\u00edv gyakorlatok optimaliz\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1nak m\u00f3dszereit vizsg\u00e1lt\u00e1k. Ezek a m\u00f3dszerek k\u00f6z\u00e9 tartozik a terhel\u00e9si t\u00e9nyez\u0151 maximaliz\u00e1l\u00e1sa, az \u00fatvonalak optimaliz\u00e1l\u00e1sa \u00e9s a t\u00e9telek m\u00e9ret\u00e9nek be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sa (Pan et al., 2021). Emellett tanulm\u00e1nyok kimutatt\u00e1k, hogy az munkaid\u0151n k\u00edv\u00fcli sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s hat\u00e9konyan cs\u00f6kkentheti a v\u00e1rosi \u00e1rusz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sb\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 kibocs\u00e1t\u00e1st (Holgu\u00edn-Veras et al., 2018). 4.2.2. K\u00f6nny\u0171 elektromos teherg\u00e9pj\u00e1rm\u0171vek (LEFV) haszn\u00e1lata (D\u00edaz-Ram\u00edrez et al., 2023) A k\u00f6nny\u0171 elektromos teherg\u00e9pj\u00e1rm\u0171vek (LEFV-k) integr\u00e1l\u00e1sa alapvet\u0151 l\u00e9p\u00e9st jelent a fenntarthat\u00f3bb v\u00e1rosi eloszt\u00f3h\u00e1l\u00f3zat megval\u00f3s\u00edt\u00e1sa fel\u00e9, ugyanakkor sz\u00e1mos megoldatlan kih\u00edv\u00e1ssal szembes\u00fcl. Ezek a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151k: A j\u00e1rm\u0171technol\u00f3gi\u00e1k (p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul az \u00fczemanyag \u00e9s az elektromos \u00e1ram) optim\u00e1lis kombin\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1nak meghat\u00e1roz\u00e1sa a jelenlegi \u00e9s a j\u00f6v\u0151beli v\u00e1rosi mobilit\u00e1si infrastrukt\u00far\u00e1hoz (bele\u00e9rtve a k\u00f6zleked\u00e9si s\u00e1vokat, a t\u00f6lt\u0151\u00e1llom\u00e1sokat \u00e9s az elektromos \u00e1ram el\u00e9rhet\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9t) val\u00f3 igazod\u00e1s \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben. A v\u00e1rosi eloszt\u00f3k\u00f6zpontok strat\u00e9giai helysz\u00edneinek kialak\u00edt\u00e1sa a kijel\u00f6lt t\u00e9rs\u00e9gen bel\u00fcli m\u0171veletek hat\u00e9kony t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben. Az LEFV-k teljes\u00edtm\u00e9ny\u00e9nek jav\u00edt\u00e1sa az \u00fczemeltet\u00e9si k\u00f6lts\u00e9gek cs\u00f6kkent\u00e9se, valamint a szennyez\u0151anyagok kibocs\u00e1t\u00e1s\u00e1nak, a forgalmi dug\u00f3knak \u00e9s a zajszintnek a v\u00e1rosi ter\u00fcleteken val\u00f3 m\u00e9rs\u00e9kl\u00e9se \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben. Hat\u00e9kony kommunik\u00e1ci\u00f3s strat\u00e9gi\u00e1k kidolgoz\u00e1sa a kor\u00e1bbi megval\u00f3s\u00edt\u00e1si tapasztalatok alapj\u00e1n. Az elektromos seg\u00e9dmotoros \u00e1rusz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00f3 ker\u00e9kp\u00e1rok \u00e9s triciklik, a tov\u00e1bbiakban k\u00f6nny\u0171 elektromos \u00e1rusz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00f3 j\u00e1rm\u0171vek (LEFV-k), v\u00e1rhat\u00f3an kiv\u00e1l\u00f3 teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nyt fognak ny\u00fajtani az utols\u00f3 kilom\u00e9teres eloszt\u00e1sban. Ezt bizony\u00edtja a r\u00f6videbb parkol\u00e1si id\u0151 \u00e9s k\u00f6lts\u00e9gek, az alacsonyabb \u00fczemeltet\u00e9si k\u00f6lts\u00e9gek, a nagyobb sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1si megb\u00edzhat\u00f3s\u00e1g, a kevesebb s\u00falyos \u00fctk\u00f6z\u00e9s \u00e9s a cs\u00f6kkentett szennyez\u0151anyag kibocs\u00e1t\u00e1s. Haszn\u00e1latuk azonban bizonyos korl\u00e1tokkal is j\u00e1r, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen a sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1si z\u00f3na m\u00e9rete, az \u00fatvonal hossza, a kereslet nagys\u00e1ga, a f\u00f6ldrajzi kih\u00edv\u00e1sok \u00e9s a szab\u00e1lyoz\u00e1si korl\u00e1tok tekintet\u00e9ben. Az eur\u00f3pai p\u00e9ld\u00e1val \u00f6sszhangban a latin-amerikai korm\u00e1nyok is forr\u00e1sokat k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00edtenek el a ker\u00e9kp\u00e1rbar\u00e1t v\u00e1rosi infrastrukt\u00fara fejleszt\u00e9s\u00e9re, bele\u00e9rtve a ker\u00e9kp\u00e1rutak b\u0151v\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9t. Ez a beruh\u00e1z\u00e1s a k\u00f6rnyezetbar\u00e1t k\u00f6zleked\u00e9si m\u00f3dszerek el\u0151mozd\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t c\u00e9lozza, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen a s\u0171r\u0171n lakott ter\u00fcleteken. Az elektromos j\u00e1rm\u0171vek el\u0151nyeinek maximaliz\u00e1l\u00e1sa a logisztik\u00e1ban a k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 kontextusok \u00e1rnyalatainak felismer\u00e9s\u00e9n m\u00falik (EUFAL, 2022). Ebb\u0151l ad\u00f3d\u00f3an 2020-ban elindult az eur\u00f3pai elektromos v\u00e1rosi \u00e1rusz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s \u00e9s logisztika (EUFAL) kezdem\u00e9nyez\u00e9s. A kezdem\u00e9nyez\u00e9s tud\u00e1smegoszt\u00e1si platformk\u00e9nt szolg\u00e1l, \u00e9s a folyamat k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 f\u00e1zisaira szabott \u00e9rt\u00e9kes eszk\u00f6z\u00f6kkel l\u00e1tja el az elektromos j\u00e1rm\u0171veket flott\u00e1jukba integr\u00e1lni k\u00edv\u00e1n\u00f3 v\u00e1llalatokat (D\u00edaz-Ram\u00edrez et al., 2023). A k\u00f6nny\u0171 elektromos \u00e1rusz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00f3 j\u00e1rm\u0171veket (LEFV) egyre ink\u00e1bb fenntarthat\u00f3 sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1si megold\u00e1snak tekintik, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen a v\u00e1rosi ter\u00fcleteken szigorod\u00f3 kibocs\u00e1t\u00e1si el\u0151\u00edr\u00e1sokra reag\u00e1lva, biztos\u00edtva a folyamatos hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9st. Ezt a jelent\u0151s\u00e9get hangs\u00falyozza a z\u00e9r\u00f3 k\u00e1rosanyag-kibocs\u00e1t\u00e1s\u00fa z\u00f3n\u00e1k 2030-ra tervezett bevezet\u00e9se egyes eur\u00f3pai v\u00e1rosokban, valamint a holland v\u00e1rosi k\u00f6zpontokban 2025-re v\u00e1rt konkr\u00e9tabb l\u00e9p\u00e9sek. Emellett a s\u0171r\u0171n lakott \u00e9s nehezen megk\u00f6zel\u00edthet\u0151 belv\u00e1rosi \u00e9s k\u00f6rny\u00e9kbeli ter\u00fcleteken a kisebb j\u00e1rm\u0171vek el\u0151ny\u00f6ket jelentenek a k\u00f6nnyebb \u00e9s gyorsabb hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9s szempontj\u00e1b\u00f3l. Tov\u00e1bb\u00e1, ha az \u00e1tfut\u00e1si id\u0151k minimaliz\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1ra \u00e9s a j\u00e1rm\u0171vek kihaszn\u00e1lts\u00e1gi t\u00e9nyez\u0151inek optimaliz\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1ra ir\u00e1nyul\u00f3 er\u0151fesz\u00edt\u00e9sekkel p\u00e1rosulnak, az \u00fczemeltet\u00e9si \u00e9s gazdas\u00e1gi megfontol\u00e1sok is szerepet j\u00e1tszanak. E gyakorlati szempontokon t\u00falmen\u0151en a LEFV-k ir\u00e1nti n\u00f6vekv\u0151 kereskedelmi \u00e9rdekl\u0151d\u00e9shez \u201epuh\u00e1bb\u201d t\u00e9nyez\u0151k is hozz\u00e1j\u00e1rulnak, t\u00f6bbek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt a v\u00e1llalati t\u00e1rsadalmi felel\u0151ss\u00e9gv\u00e1llal\u00e1s ir\u00e1nti elk\u00f6telezetts\u00e9g, valamint a v\u00e1llalati differenci\u00e1l\u00f3d\u00e1s \u00e9s specializ\u00e1ci\u00f3 lehet\u0151s\u00e9gei (Kin et al., 2024). A k\u00f6nny\u0171 elektromos tehersz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00f3 j\u00e1rm\u0171vek (LEFV) sz\u00e1mos sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1si lehet\u0151s\u00e9get foglalnak magukban, bele\u00e9rtve a ker\u00e9kp\u00e1rokat, mopedeket vagy elektromos t\u00e1maszt\u00f3- vagy meghajt\u00f3mechanizmussal felszerelt kompakt j\u00e1rm\u0171veket, amelyeket korl\u00e1tozott sebess\u00e9g\u0171 \u00e1ru- \u00e9s szem\u00e9lysz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sra terveztek. \u00c1ltal\u00e1ban a LEFV-ket csendes m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s, rugalmas haszn\u00e1lat, kibocs\u00e1t\u00e1smentess\u00e9g \u00e9s a hagyom\u00e1nyos sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00f3j\u00e1rm\u0171vekhez k\u00e9pest kisebb ter\u00fcleti l\u00e1bnyom jellemzik. A LEFV-k piac\u00e1nak kialakul\u00e1sa p\u00e1rhuzamos az elektromos kisbuszok (BEV-N1) piac\u00e1nak kialakul\u00e1s\u00e1val. A LEFV-k a j\u00e1rm\u0171vek sokf\u00e9le, els\u0151sorban kis gy\u00e1rt\u00f3k \u00e1ltal gy\u00e1rtott\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/index.php\/lesson\/module-b-3\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Couriers Go Green\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-12-17T21:04:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Picture1.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1476\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"578\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"21 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/index.php\/lesson\/module-b-3\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/index.php\/lesson\/module-b-3\/\",\"name\":\"B Modul: Menedzsment - Couriers Go Green\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/index.php\/lesson\/module-b-3\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/index.php\/lesson\/module-b-3\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Picture1.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-07-04T20:33:21+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-12-17T21:04:59+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/index.php\/lesson\/module-b-3\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/index.php\/lesson\/module-b-3\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/index.php\/lesson\/module-b-3\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Picture1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Picture1.png\",\"width\":1476,\"height\":578},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/index.php\/lesson\/module-b-3\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"B Modul: Menedzsment\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/\",\"name\":\"Couriers Go Green\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Couriers Go Green\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/cropped-logo_figma-e1690213555393.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/cropped-logo_figma-e1690213555393.png\",\"width\":139,\"height\":130,\"caption\":\"Couriers Go Green\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"B Modul: Menedzsment - Couriers Go Green","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/index.php\/lesson\/module-b-3\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"B Modul: Menedzsment - Couriers Go Green","og_description":"4.1. \u00daj Mobilit\u00e1si Szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sok: Megold\u00e1sok \u00e9s \u00fczleti modellek a v\u00e1rosi k\u00f6zleked\u00e9sben Modul\u00a0 B. Menedzsment\u00a0 T\u00e9ma\u00a0 4.1 \u00daj Mobilit\u00e1si Szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sok: Megold\u00e1sok \u00e9s \u00fczleti modellek a v\u00e1rosi k\u00f6zleked\u00e9sben\u00a0 C\u00e9l\u00a0 A v\u00e1rosi k\u00f6zleked\u00e9s \u00e9s az \u00faj mobilit\u00e1si szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sok (NewMobility Services, NMS) z\u00f6ld \u00e1t\u00e1ll\u00e1s\u00e1nak innovat\u00edv megk\u00f6zel\u00edt\u00e9seinek bemutat\u00e1sa\u00a0 A v\u00e1rosi \u00e1rusz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s \u00e9s az utols\u00f3 kilom\u00e9terre t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 kisz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sok NMS-einek megval\u00f3s\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t szolg\u00e1l\u00f3, kialakul\u00f3ban l\u00e9v\u0151 ir\u00e1ny\u00edt\u00e1si rendszerek \u00e9s \u00fczleti modellek elemz\u00e9se\u00a0 A k\u00e9pz\u00e9s eredm\u00e9nyei\u00a0 Naprak\u00e9sz ismeretek a v\u00e1rosi mobilit\u00e1s \u00e9s k\u00f6zleked\u00e9s jelenlegi \u00fczleti megk\u00f6zel\u00edt\u00e9seir\u0151l\u00a0 Az NMS szerep\u00e9nek \u00e9s potenci\u00e1lj\u00e1nak m\u00e9lyrehat\u00f3 ismerete a k\u00f6rnyezetbar\u00e1t \u00e9s hat\u00e9kony fut\u00e1r-, postai- \u00e9s sz\u00e1ll\u00edtm\u00e1nyoz\u00e1si szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sok ter\u00e9n\u00a0 Ellen\u0151rizze tud\u00e1s\u00e1t 4.2. J\u00f3 p\u00e9ld\u00e1n alapul\u00f3 tanul\u00e1s #1. A j\u00f3 gyakorlatok megoszt\u00e1sa Modul\u00a0 B. Menedzsment\u00a0 T\u00e9ma\u00a0 4.2 J\u00f3 p\u00e9ld\u00e1n alapul\u00f3 tanul\u00e1s #1. A j\u00f3 gyakorlatok megoszt\u00e1sa\u00a0 C\u00e9l\u00a0 A 4.1. pont tartalma alapj\u00e1n p\u00e9ld\u00e1k bemutat\u00e1sa az NMS-alap\u00fa \u00fczleti modellek megval\u00f3s\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1b\u00f3l a v\u00e1rosi \u00e1rufuvaroz\u00e1sban \u00e9s a v\u00e1rosi logisztik\u00e1ban, valamint a v\u00e1rosi \u00e1ru- \u00e9s szem\u00e9lysz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s integr\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1b\u00f3l\u00a0 A p\u00e9ld\u00e1k hat\u00e9konys\u00e1g\u00e1nak \u00e9s alkalmazhat\u00f3s\u00e1g\u00e1nak megvitat\u00e1sa\u00a0 A k\u00e9pz\u00e9s eredm\u00e9nyei\u00a0 A fut\u00e1r-, postai- \u00e9s sz\u00e1ll\u00edtm\u00e1nyoz\u00e1si szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sok NMS fejleszt\u00e9s\u00e9nek jelenlegi gyakorlat\u00e1nak \u00e9s projektjeinek kritikus elemz\u00e9se\u00a0\u00a0 4.2.1. Bevezet\u00e9s A fejl\u0151d\u0151 orsz\u00e1gokban a v\u00e1rosi \u00e1rusz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s nagym\u00e9rt\u00e9kben a k\u00f6z\u00fati j\u00e1rm\u0171vekre hagyatkozik, ami gyakori forgalmi dug\u00f3khoz, nem megfelel\u0151 parkol\u00e1si lehet\u0151s\u00e9ghez, valamint nem megfelel\u0151 be- \u00e9s kirakod\u00f3helyekhez vezet, ami mind akad\u00e1lyozza a hat\u00e9konys\u00e1got. A vil\u00e1gszerte fenntarthat\u00f3 strat\u00e9giak\u00e9nt t\u00e1mogatott, k\u00f6rnyezetbar\u00e1t m\u00f3dokon t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 v\u00e1rosi \u00e1rusz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s jelent\u0151s lehet\u0151s\u00e9geket rejt mag\u00e1ban a jelenlegi \u00e1rusz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1si gyakorlatb\u00f3l ered\u0151 dug\u00f3k \u00e9s k\u00f6rnyezetszennyez\u00e9s enyh\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9re (Singh &amp; Gupta, 2020). A Transport Decarbonization Alliance 15 k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 kih\u00edv\u00e1st v\u00e1zol fel a z\u00e9r\u00f3 kibocs\u00e1t\u00e1s\u00fa v\u00e1rosi \u00e1rusz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s megval\u00f3s\u00edt\u00e1sa \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben, \u00e9s mindegyik kih\u00edv\u00e1s megold\u00e1s\u00e1ra k\u00e9t vagy t\u00f6bb javaslatot tesz. M\u00edg n\u00e9h\u00e1ny megold\u00e1s a technol\u00f3giai fejleszt\u00e9sekre \u00f6sszpontos\u00edt, mint p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul az akkumul\u00e1toros elektromos j\u00e1rm\u0171vek beszerz\u00e9se, haszn\u00e1lata \u00e9s felt\u00f6lt\u00e9se, a t\u00f6bbs\u00e9g a szerkezeti akad\u00e1lyok \u00e9s a magatart\u00e1si gyakorlatok orvosl\u00e1s\u00e1ra ir\u00e1nyul. Hasonl\u00f3k\u00e9ppen Maxner, Dalla Chiara \u00e9s Goodchild (2022) a v\u00e1rosi \u00e1rusz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sra vonatkoz\u00f3 k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 dekarboniz\u00e1ci\u00f3s strat\u00e9gi\u00e1kat h\u00e1rom csoportba sorolja: j\u00e1rm\u0171technol\u00f3gia \u00fczemeltet\u00e9si strat\u00e9gi\u00e1k \u00e9s v\u00e1rosi korm\u00e1nyzati beavatkoz\u00e1sok A Vil\u00e1ggazdas\u00e1gi F\u00f3rum emellett \u00e1tfog\u00f3 \u00e1ttekint\u00e9st ny\u00fajt 24 kiemelt beavatkoz\u00e1sr\u00f3l, amelyek c\u00e9lja az utols\u00f3 kilom\u00e9teres sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1si \u00f6kosziszt\u00e9ma \u00e1talak\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1nak megk\u00f6nny\u00edt\u00e9se. Ezek a beavatkoz\u00e1sok olyan szempontokat foglalnak magukban, mint a j\u00e1rm\u0171vek \u00e1talak\u00edt\u00e1sa, a biztons\u00e1gos sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1si m\u00f3dszerek, az \u00fcgyfelek mozgat\u00e1sa, a konszolid\u00e1ci\u00f3s er\u0151fesz\u00edt\u00e9sek, az utols\u00f3 szakasz kiigaz\u00edt\u00e1sa \u00e9s a sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1si k\u00f6rnyezet jav\u00edt\u00e1sa. Ezek a kiadv\u00e1nyok egy\u00fcttesen bemutatj\u00e1k a v\u00e1rosi \u00e1rusz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sban a fenntarthat\u00f3s\u00e1gi \u00e1tmenetet el\u0151seg\u00edt\u0151 megk\u00f6zel\u00edt\u00e9sek soksz\u00edn\u0171s\u00e9g\u00e9t, \u00e9s sz\u00e1mos p\u00e9ld\u00e1t szolg\u00e1ltatnak mind a technol\u00f3giai \u00faj\u00edt\u00e1sokra, mind a viselked\u00e9sbeli v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sokra (Ystmark Bjerkan &amp; Babri, 2024). A technol\u00f3giai v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sok els\u0151sorban azt jelentik, hogy az egyik technol\u00f3gi\u00e1t egy m\u00e1sikra cser\u00e9lik. A v\u00e1rosi \u00e1rusz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s ter\u00fclet\u00e9n ez azt jelentheti, hogy a fosszilis \u00fczemanyaggal m\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151 furgonokat \u00e9s teheraut\u00f3kat elektromos j\u00e1rm\u0171vekkel, alternat\u00edv \u00fczemanyaggal m\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151 j\u00e1rm\u0171vekkel, Euro6-os j\u00e1rm\u0171vekkel vagy cargobiciklikkel helyettes\u00edtik. A kor\u00e1bbi kutat\u00e1sok sz\u00e9les k\u00f6rben vizsg\u00e1lt\u00e1k a v\u00e1rosi \u00e1rusz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s \u00faj technol\u00f3gi\u00e1it \u00e9s j\u00e1rm\u0171veit. Az elektromos ker\u00e9kp\u00e1rokat a j\u00e1rm\u0171vek helyettes\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9re javasolt\u00e1k, amennyiben a sebess\u00e9g- \u00e9s kapacit\u00e1skorl\u00e1toz\u00e1sok szempontj\u00e1b\u00f3l megval\u00f3s\u00edthat\u00f3 (Bosona, 2020). B\u00e1r a dr\u00f3nok \u00e1rusz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sra val\u00f3 felhaszn\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1t els\u0151sorban vid\u00e9ki ter\u00fcleteken vizsg\u00e1lt\u00e1k, a dr\u00f3nalap\u00fa sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sban, v\u00e1rosi k\u00f6rnyezetben is van potenci\u00e1l. Az oper\u00e1ci\u00f3menedzsment, az ell\u00e1t\u00e1si l\u00e1ncok menedzsmentje \u00e9s az ipari m\u00e9rn\u00f6ki tudom\u00e1nyok kutat\u00e1sai els\u0151sorban az operat\u00edv gyakorlatok optimaliz\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1nak m\u00f3dszereit vizsg\u00e1lt\u00e1k. Ezek a m\u00f3dszerek k\u00f6z\u00e9 tartozik a terhel\u00e9si t\u00e9nyez\u0151 maximaliz\u00e1l\u00e1sa, az \u00fatvonalak optimaliz\u00e1l\u00e1sa \u00e9s a t\u00e9telek m\u00e9ret\u00e9nek be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sa (Pan et al., 2021). Emellett tanulm\u00e1nyok kimutatt\u00e1k, hogy az munkaid\u0151n k\u00edv\u00fcli sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s hat\u00e9konyan cs\u00f6kkentheti a v\u00e1rosi \u00e1rusz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sb\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 kibocs\u00e1t\u00e1st (Holgu\u00edn-Veras et al., 2018). 4.2.2. K\u00f6nny\u0171 elektromos teherg\u00e9pj\u00e1rm\u0171vek (LEFV) haszn\u00e1lata (D\u00edaz-Ram\u00edrez et al., 2023) A k\u00f6nny\u0171 elektromos teherg\u00e9pj\u00e1rm\u0171vek (LEFV-k) integr\u00e1l\u00e1sa alapvet\u0151 l\u00e9p\u00e9st jelent a fenntarthat\u00f3bb v\u00e1rosi eloszt\u00f3h\u00e1l\u00f3zat megval\u00f3s\u00edt\u00e1sa fel\u00e9, ugyanakkor sz\u00e1mos megoldatlan kih\u00edv\u00e1ssal szembes\u00fcl. Ezek a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151k: A j\u00e1rm\u0171technol\u00f3gi\u00e1k (p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul az \u00fczemanyag \u00e9s az elektromos \u00e1ram) optim\u00e1lis kombin\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1nak meghat\u00e1roz\u00e1sa a jelenlegi \u00e9s a j\u00f6v\u0151beli v\u00e1rosi mobilit\u00e1si infrastrukt\u00far\u00e1hoz (bele\u00e9rtve a k\u00f6zleked\u00e9si s\u00e1vokat, a t\u00f6lt\u0151\u00e1llom\u00e1sokat \u00e9s az elektromos \u00e1ram el\u00e9rhet\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9t) val\u00f3 igazod\u00e1s \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben. A v\u00e1rosi eloszt\u00f3k\u00f6zpontok strat\u00e9giai helysz\u00edneinek kialak\u00edt\u00e1sa a kijel\u00f6lt t\u00e9rs\u00e9gen bel\u00fcli m\u0171veletek hat\u00e9kony t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben. Az LEFV-k teljes\u00edtm\u00e9ny\u00e9nek jav\u00edt\u00e1sa az \u00fczemeltet\u00e9si k\u00f6lts\u00e9gek cs\u00f6kkent\u00e9se, valamint a szennyez\u0151anyagok kibocs\u00e1t\u00e1s\u00e1nak, a forgalmi dug\u00f3knak \u00e9s a zajszintnek a v\u00e1rosi ter\u00fcleteken val\u00f3 m\u00e9rs\u00e9kl\u00e9se \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben. Hat\u00e9kony kommunik\u00e1ci\u00f3s strat\u00e9gi\u00e1k kidolgoz\u00e1sa a kor\u00e1bbi megval\u00f3s\u00edt\u00e1si tapasztalatok alapj\u00e1n. Az elektromos seg\u00e9dmotoros \u00e1rusz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00f3 ker\u00e9kp\u00e1rok \u00e9s triciklik, a tov\u00e1bbiakban k\u00f6nny\u0171 elektromos \u00e1rusz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00f3 j\u00e1rm\u0171vek (LEFV-k), v\u00e1rhat\u00f3an kiv\u00e1l\u00f3 teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nyt fognak ny\u00fajtani az utols\u00f3 kilom\u00e9teres eloszt\u00e1sban. Ezt bizony\u00edtja a r\u00f6videbb parkol\u00e1si id\u0151 \u00e9s k\u00f6lts\u00e9gek, az alacsonyabb \u00fczemeltet\u00e9si k\u00f6lts\u00e9gek, a nagyobb sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1si megb\u00edzhat\u00f3s\u00e1g, a kevesebb s\u00falyos \u00fctk\u00f6z\u00e9s \u00e9s a cs\u00f6kkentett szennyez\u0151anyag kibocs\u00e1t\u00e1s. Haszn\u00e1latuk azonban bizonyos korl\u00e1tokkal is j\u00e1r, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen a sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1si z\u00f3na m\u00e9rete, az \u00fatvonal hossza, a kereslet nagys\u00e1ga, a f\u00f6ldrajzi kih\u00edv\u00e1sok \u00e9s a szab\u00e1lyoz\u00e1si korl\u00e1tok tekintet\u00e9ben. Az eur\u00f3pai p\u00e9ld\u00e1val \u00f6sszhangban a latin-amerikai korm\u00e1nyok is forr\u00e1sokat k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00edtenek el a ker\u00e9kp\u00e1rbar\u00e1t v\u00e1rosi infrastrukt\u00fara fejleszt\u00e9s\u00e9re, bele\u00e9rtve a ker\u00e9kp\u00e1rutak b\u0151v\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9t. Ez a beruh\u00e1z\u00e1s a k\u00f6rnyezetbar\u00e1t k\u00f6zleked\u00e9si m\u00f3dszerek el\u0151mozd\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t c\u00e9lozza, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen a s\u0171r\u0171n lakott ter\u00fcleteken. Az elektromos j\u00e1rm\u0171vek el\u0151nyeinek maximaliz\u00e1l\u00e1sa a logisztik\u00e1ban a k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 kontextusok \u00e1rnyalatainak felismer\u00e9s\u00e9n m\u00falik (EUFAL, 2022). Ebb\u0151l ad\u00f3d\u00f3an 2020-ban elindult az eur\u00f3pai elektromos v\u00e1rosi \u00e1rusz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s \u00e9s logisztika (EUFAL) kezdem\u00e9nyez\u00e9s. A kezdem\u00e9nyez\u00e9s tud\u00e1smegoszt\u00e1si platformk\u00e9nt szolg\u00e1l, \u00e9s a folyamat k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 f\u00e1zisaira szabott \u00e9rt\u00e9kes eszk\u00f6z\u00f6kkel l\u00e1tja el az elektromos j\u00e1rm\u0171veket flott\u00e1jukba integr\u00e1lni k\u00edv\u00e1n\u00f3 v\u00e1llalatokat (D\u00edaz-Ram\u00edrez et al., 2023). A k\u00f6nny\u0171 elektromos \u00e1rusz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00f3 j\u00e1rm\u0171veket (LEFV) egyre ink\u00e1bb fenntarthat\u00f3 sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1si megold\u00e1snak tekintik, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen a v\u00e1rosi ter\u00fcleteken szigorod\u00f3 kibocs\u00e1t\u00e1si el\u0151\u00edr\u00e1sokra reag\u00e1lva, biztos\u00edtva a folyamatos hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9st. Ezt a jelent\u0151s\u00e9get hangs\u00falyozza a z\u00e9r\u00f3 k\u00e1rosanyag-kibocs\u00e1t\u00e1s\u00fa z\u00f3n\u00e1k 2030-ra tervezett bevezet\u00e9se egyes eur\u00f3pai v\u00e1rosokban, valamint a holland v\u00e1rosi k\u00f6zpontokban 2025-re v\u00e1rt konkr\u00e9tabb l\u00e9p\u00e9sek. Emellett a s\u0171r\u0171n lakott \u00e9s nehezen megk\u00f6zel\u00edthet\u0151 belv\u00e1rosi \u00e9s k\u00f6rny\u00e9kbeli ter\u00fcleteken a kisebb j\u00e1rm\u0171vek el\u0151ny\u00f6ket jelentenek a k\u00f6nnyebb \u00e9s gyorsabb hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9s szempontj\u00e1b\u00f3l. Tov\u00e1bb\u00e1, ha az \u00e1tfut\u00e1si id\u0151k minimaliz\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1ra \u00e9s a j\u00e1rm\u0171vek kihaszn\u00e1lts\u00e1gi t\u00e9nyez\u0151inek optimaliz\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1ra ir\u00e1nyul\u00f3 er\u0151fesz\u00edt\u00e9sekkel p\u00e1rosulnak, az \u00fczemeltet\u00e9si \u00e9s gazdas\u00e1gi megfontol\u00e1sok is szerepet j\u00e1tszanak. E gyakorlati szempontokon t\u00falmen\u0151en a LEFV-k ir\u00e1nti n\u00f6vekv\u0151 kereskedelmi \u00e9rdekl\u0151d\u00e9shez \u201epuh\u00e1bb\u201d t\u00e9nyez\u0151k is hozz\u00e1j\u00e1rulnak, t\u00f6bbek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt a v\u00e1llalati t\u00e1rsadalmi felel\u0151ss\u00e9gv\u00e1llal\u00e1s ir\u00e1nti elk\u00f6telezetts\u00e9g, valamint a v\u00e1llalati differenci\u00e1l\u00f3d\u00e1s \u00e9s specializ\u00e1ci\u00f3 lehet\u0151s\u00e9gei (Kin et al., 2024). A k\u00f6nny\u0171 elektromos tehersz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00f3 j\u00e1rm\u0171vek (LEFV) sz\u00e1mos sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1si lehet\u0151s\u00e9get foglalnak magukban, bele\u00e9rtve a ker\u00e9kp\u00e1rokat, mopedeket vagy elektromos t\u00e1maszt\u00f3- vagy meghajt\u00f3mechanizmussal felszerelt kompakt j\u00e1rm\u0171veket, amelyeket korl\u00e1tozott sebess\u00e9g\u0171 \u00e1ru- \u00e9s szem\u00e9lysz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sra terveztek. \u00c1ltal\u00e1ban a LEFV-ket csendes m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s, rugalmas haszn\u00e1lat, kibocs\u00e1t\u00e1smentess\u00e9g \u00e9s a hagyom\u00e1nyos sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00f3j\u00e1rm\u0171vekhez k\u00e9pest kisebb ter\u00fcleti l\u00e1bnyom jellemzik. A LEFV-k piac\u00e1nak kialakul\u00e1sa p\u00e1rhuzamos az elektromos kisbuszok (BEV-N1) piac\u00e1nak kialakul\u00e1s\u00e1val. A LEFV-k a j\u00e1rm\u0171vek sokf\u00e9le, els\u0151sorban kis gy\u00e1rt\u00f3k \u00e1ltal gy\u00e1rtott","og_url":"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/index.php\/lesson\/module-b-3\/","og_site_name":"Couriers Go Green","article_modified_time":"2024-12-17T21:04:59+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1476,"height":578,"url":"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Picture1.png","type":"image\/png"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"21 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/index.php\/lesson\/module-b-3\/","url":"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/index.php\/lesson\/module-b-3\/","name":"B Modul: Menedzsment - Couriers Go Green","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/index.php\/lesson\/module-b-3\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/index.php\/lesson\/module-b-3\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Picture1.png","datePublished":"2024-07-04T20:33:21+00:00","dateModified":"2024-12-17T21:04:59+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/index.php\/lesson\/module-b-3\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/index.php\/lesson\/module-b-3\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/index.php\/lesson\/module-b-3\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Picture1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Picture1.png","width":1476,"height":578},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/index.php\/lesson\/module-b-3\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"B Modul: Menedzsment"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/","name":"Couriers Go Green","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/#organization","name":"Couriers Go Green","url":"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/cropped-logo_figma-e1690213555393.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/cropped-logo_figma-e1690213555393.png","width":139,"height":130,"caption":"Couriers Go Green"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/mathima\/2479","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/mathima"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/mathima"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.green-courier.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2479"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}